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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 1 of 8

§51

Anupadiṭṭhānaṃ vuttayogato

Of those that have not been shown, formation according to the mentioned.

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51. 59. Anupadiṭṭhānaṃ vuttayogato (150, 154)

[An-upadiṭṭhānaṃ + vutta-yogato = 2 words]

Anupadiṭṭhānaṃ upasagganipātānaṃ sarasandhīhi byañjanasandhīhi vuttasandhīhi ca yathāyogaṃ yojetabbaṃ.

Pāpanaṃ (AbhiA. ii, 466), parāyaṇaṃ (Khu. i, 335), upāyanaṃ, upāhanaṃ (Vin. iii, 272), nyāyogo, nirupadhi (Khu. i, 148), anubodho (AbhiA. i, 296), duvūpasantaṃ, suvūpasantaṃ, dvālayo, svālayo, durākhyātaṃ, svākhyāto, udīritaṃ (Khu. i, 131), samuddiṭṭhaṃ, viyaggaṃ, vijjhaggaṃ, byaggaṃ, avayāgamanaṃ, anveti (Khu. i, 13), anūpaghāto (Khu. i, 41), anacchariyaṃ (Vin. iv, 39), pariyesanā (A. i, 570), parāmāso (Abhi. i, 93). Evaṃ sare ca honti.

Pariggaho (D. ii, 50), paggaho (Khu. ix, 291), pakkamo, parakkamo (Abhi. i, 92), nikkamo (Abhi. i, 93), nikkasāvo, nillayanaṃ, dullayanaṃ, dubbhikkhaṃ (Vin. i, 8), dubbuttaṃ, sandiṭṭhaṃ (Vin. i, 112), duggaho, viggaho (D. i, 223), niggato (SuttanipātaA. ii, 208), abhikkamo (M. iii, 302), paṭikkamo (Khu. vi, 171). Evaṃ byañjane ca. Sesā sabbe yojetabbā.

Of those that have not been shown, formation according to the mentioned.
Those forms of prefixes and particles, whose formations have not been shown, should be formed by the rules of vowel-sandhi, consonant-sandhi or verse-sandhi that have been mentioned before.
Examples, in case of vowels:
“Pāpanaṃ”, “parāyaṇaṃ”, “upāyanaṃ”, “upāhanaṃ”, “nyāyogo”, “nirupadhi”, “anubodho”, “duvūpasantaṃ”, “suvūpasantaṃ”, “dvālayo”, “svālayo”, “durākhyātaṃ”, “svākhyāto”, “udīritaṃ”, “samuddiṭṭhaṃ”, “viyaggaṃ”, “vijjhaggaṃ”, “byaggaṃ”, “avayāgamanaṃ”, “anveti”, “anūpaghāto”, “anacchariyaṃ”, “pariyesanā”, “parāmāso”. Thus [they are formed] also with vowels.
Examples, in case of consonants:
“Pariggaho”, “paggaho”, “pakkamo”, “parakkamo”, “nikkamo”, “nikkasāvo”, “nillayanaṃ”, “dullayanaṃ”, “dubbhikkhaṃ”, “dubbuttaṃ”, “sandiṭṭhaṃ”, “duggaho”, “viggaho”, “niggato”, “abhikkamo”, “paṭikkamo”. Thus [they are formed] also with consonants. All the others should be formed in the same way.

Formation sequences [in case of vowels]:

Pāpanaṃ: pa āpanaṃ; p a āpanaṃ (§10); p āpanaṃ (§12); pāpanaṃ (§11).

Parāyaṇaṃ: parā ayanaṃ; par ā ayanaṃ (§10); par ayanaṃ (§12); par āyanaṃ (§15); par āyaṇaṃ (“ca” of §20); parāyaṇaṃ (§11).

Upāyanaṃ: upa ayanaṃ; up a ayanaṃ (§10); up ayanaṃ (§12); up āyanaṃ (§15); upāyanaṃ (§11).

Upāhanaṃ: upa āhanaṃ; up a āhanaṃ (§10); up āhanaṃ (§12); upāhanaṃ (§11).

Nyāyogo: ni āyogo; ny āyogo (§21); nyāyogo (§11).

Nirupadhi: ni upadhi; ni r upadhi (§35); nirupadhi (§11).

Anubodho: anu bodho (§23); anubodho (§11).

Duvūpasantaṃ: du upasantaṃ; du v upasantaṃ (§35); du v ūpasantaṃ (§25); duvūpasantaṃ (§11).

Suvūpasantaṃ: su upasantaṃ; su v upasantaṃ (§35); su v ūpasantaṃ (§25); suvūpasantaṃ (§11).

Dvālayo: du ālayo; dv ālayo (§18); dvālayo (§11).

Svālayo: su ālayo; sv ālayo (§18); svālayo (§11).

Durākhyātaṃ: du ākhyātaṃ; du r ākhyātaṃ (§35); durākhyātaṃ (§11).

Svākhyāto: su ākhyāto; sv ākhyāto (§18); svākhyāto (§11).

Udīritaṃ: u īritaṃ; u d īritaṃ (§35); udīritaṃ (§11).

Samuddiṭṭhaṃ: saṃ uddiṭṭhaṃ; sam uddiṭṭhaṃ (§34); samuddiṭṭhaṃ (§11).

Viyaggaṃ: vi aggaṃ; vi y aggaṃ (§35); viyaggaṃ (§11).

Vijjhaggaṃ: vi adhi aggaṃ; vi ajjh aggaṃ (§45); vijjhaggaṃ (§11).

Byaggaṃ: vi aggaṃ; v i aggaṃ (§10); v y aggaṃ (§21); b y aggaṃ (“ca” of §20); byaggaṃ (§11).

Avayāgamanaṃ: ava āgamanaṃ; ava y āgamanaṃ (§35); avayāgamanaṃ (§11).

Anveti: anu eti; anv eti (§18); anveti (§11).

Anūpaghāto: anu upaghāto; an upaghāto (§12); an ūpaghāto (§15); anūpaghāto (§11).

Anacchariyaṃ: anu acchariyaṃ; an acchariyaṃ (§12); anacchariyaṃ (§11).

Pariyesanā: pari esanā; pari y esanā (§35); pariyesanā (§11).

Parāmāso: para āmāso; par a āmāso (§10); par āmāso (§12); parāmāso (§11).

Formation sequences [in case of consonants]:

Pariggaho: pari gaho; pari ggaho (§28); pariggaho (§11).

Paggaho: pa gaho; pa ggaho (§28); paggaho (§11).

Pakkamo: pa kamo; pa kkamo (§28); pakkamo (§11).

Parakkamo: parā kamo; par ā kamo (§10); par a kamo (§26); para kkamo (§28); parakkamo (§11).

Nikkamo: ni kamo; ni kkamo (§28); nikkamo (§11).

Nikkasāvo: ni kasāvo; ni kkasāvo (§28); nikkasāvo (§11).

Nillayanaṃ: ni layanaṃ; ni llayanaṃ (§28); nillayanaṃ (§11).

Dullayanaṃ: du layanaṃ; du llayanaṃ (§28); dullayanaṃ (§11).

Dubbhikkhaṃ: du bhikkhaṃ; du bbhikkhaṃ (§29); dubbhikkhaṃ (§11).

Dubbuttaṃ: du uttaṃ; du v uttaṃ (§35); du vv uttaṃ (§28); du bb uttaṃ (“ca” of §20); dubbuttaṃ (§11).

Sandiṭṭhaṃ: saṃ diṭṭhaṃ; san diṭṭhaṃ (§31); sandiṭṭhaṃ (§11).

Duggaho: du gaho; du ggaho (§28); duggaho (§11).

Viggaho: vi gaho; vi ggaho (§28); viggaho (§11).

Niggato: ni gato; ni ggato (§28); niggato (§11).

Abhikkamo: abhi kamo; abhi kkamo (§28); abhikkamo (§11).

Paṭikkamo: paṭi kamo; paṭi kkamo (§28); paṭikkamo (§11).

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.