Pāḷi Grammars
ES

Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 1 of 8

§20

Do dhassa ca

Also ‘da’ of ‘dha’.

Text and translation

Read in the chapter →

20. 27. Do dhassa ca (50)

[Do + dhassa + ca = 3 words]

Dha icc etassa sare pare kvaci (sometimes) dakārādeso hoti.

Ekam idāhaṃ bhikkhave samayaṃ (M. i, 401).

Kvacī ti kasmā? Idh’ eva maraṇaṃ bhavissati (Vin. i, 15).

Also ‘da’ of ‘dha’.
When a vowel follows, sometimes ‘dha’ also is substituted by ‘da’.
Example: “Ekam idāhaṃ bhikkhave samayaṃ”.
Idāhaṃ
  1. idha ahaṃ
  2. idh a ahaṃ (§10)
  3. idh ahaṃ (§12)
  4. ida ahaṃ (§20)
  5. id a ahaṃ (§10)
  6. id ahaṃ (§12)
  7. id āhaṃ (§15)
  8. idāhaṃ (§11)

Why say “sometimes”? [To prevent the operation of this rule in the following example] “Idh’ eva maraṇaṃ bhavissati”.

Idh’ eva
  1. idha eva
  2. idh a eva (§10)
  3. idh eva (§12)
  4. idheva (§11)
  5. idh’ eva (ME)
Extension by “ca” (accumulating):

Caggahaṇena dhakārassa hakārādeso hoti. Sāhu dassanam ariyānaṃ (Khu. i, 34).

By taking “ca”, there is also substitution of ‘dha’ by ‘ha’, [such as in] “sāhu dassanam ariyānaṃ”.

Sāhu
  1. sādhu
  2. sā dhu (§10)
  3. sāhu (§20)
Extension by division of the sutta (suttavibhāgena):

Suttavibhāgena bahudhā siyā: To dassa, yathā? Sugato (Vin. i, 1). Ṭo tassa, yathā? Dukkaṭaṃ (Vin. v, 262). Dho tassa, yathā? Gandhabbo (M. i, 332). Tro ttassa, yathā? Atrajo (Vin. iii, 428). Ko gassa, yathā? Kulūpako (Vin. i, 192). Lo rassa, yathā? Mahāsālo (D. ii, 121). Jo yassa, yathā? Gavajo (Khu. v, 283). Bbo vvassa, yathā? Kubbato (Khu. v, 95). Ko yassa, yathā? Sake (Khu. vi, 325). Yo jassa, yathā? Niyaṃ puttaṃ (Khu. i, 11, 301). Ko tassa, yathā? Niyako. Cco ttassa, yathā? Bhacco. Pho passa, yathā? Nipphatti. Kho kassa, yathā? Nikkhamati. Icc evamādī yojetabbā.

By dividing the sutta [into similar rules], there are many applications: ‘d’ is changed to ‘t’ as in “Sugato” (Sugado → Sugato); ‘t’ to ‘ṭ’ as in “dukkaṭaṃ” (dukkataṃ → dukkaṭaṃ); ‘t’ to ‘dh’ as in “gandhabbo” (gantabbo → gandhabbo); ‘tt’ to ‘tr’ as in “atrajo” (attajo → atrajo); ‘g’ to ‘k’ as in “kulūpako” (kulūpago → kulūpako); ‘r’ to ‘l’ as in “mahāsālo” (mahāsāro → mahāsālo); ‘y’ to ‘j’ as in “gavajo” (gavayo → gavajo); ‘vv’ to ‘bb’ as in “kubbato” (kuvvato → kubbato); ‘y’ to ‘k’ as in “sake” (saye → sake); ‘j’ to ‘y’ as in “niyaṃ” (nijaṃ → niyaṃ); ‘t’ to ‘k’ as in “niyako” (niyato → niyako); ‘tt’ to ‘cc’ as in “bhacco” (bhatto → bhacco); ‘p’ to ‘ph’ as in “nipphatti” (nippatti → nipphatti); ‘k’ to ‘kh’ as in “nikkhamati” (nikkamati → nikkhamati). Other examples beginning with these should be formed.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

Where it is cited

Drafts

Ask about §20

Questions are asked from the analysis following Visuddhāyuṃ (draft): the answer uses this sutta's row and the project's sources. It is for enrolled students and requires signing in.

Ask about §20 →

Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.