Tabbiparītūpapade byañjane ca

And when [‘ava’] is the preceding member (upapada) and a consonant follows, [there is] reversion of that.

Kaccāyana 79
Rūpasiddhi 46
Nāma-Kappa · Paṭhama-Kaṇḍa

Text and translation

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79. 46. Tabbiparītūpapade byañjane ca

[Tabbiparīto + upapade + byañjane + ca = 4 words]

Tassa avasaddassa yadā upapade tiṭṭhamānassa tassa okārassa viparīto hoti byañjane pare.

Uggate sūriye; uggacchati; uggahetvā.

Caggahaṇam avadhāraṇatthaṃ. Avasāne, avakiraṇe, avakirati.

And when [‘ava’] is the preceding member (upapada) and a consonant follows, [there is] reversion of that.

When the word ‘ava’ is the preceding member (upapada) and a consonant follows, ‘o’ of ‘ava’ is reversed [into ‘u’].

Example

Uggate = ava + gate (‘ava’ is substituted by ‘o’ (§50); then ‘o’ becomes ‘u’ (§79); ‘g’ of “gate” is doubled (§20)).

“Ca” is for [delimiting the application of] this rule, [which does not apply in] avasāne, avakiraṇe, avakirati.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.