Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§80

Goṇa naṃmhi vā

Optionally, when ‘naṃ’ follows, “goṇa”.

Text and translation

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80. 173. Goṇa naṃmhi vā (231)

[Goṇa + naṃmhi + vā = 3 words]

Sabbass’ eva gosaddassa goṇādeso hoti vā naṃmhi vibhattimhi.

Goṇānaṃ sattannaṃ.

Vā ti kimatthaṃ? Gonañ ce taramānānaṃ, ujuṃ gacchati puṅgavo. Sabbā gāvī ujuṃ yanti, nette ujuṃ gate sati.

Yogavibhāgena aññatrā pi goṇādeso hoti.

Goṇabhūtānaṃ.

Optionally, when ‘naṃ’ follows, “goṇa”.
Optionally, when the inflection ‘naṃ’ follows, the whole word “go” is substituted by “goṇa”.
Example
  1. Goṇānaṃ = go + naṃ (“go” is substituted by “goṇa” (§80); ‘a’ of “goṇa” is lengthened (§89)).

What is the purpose of saying “optionally”? [This sutta does not apply in:] “Gonañ ce taramānānaṃ, ujuṃ gacchati puṅgavo. Sabbā gāvī ujuṃ yanti, nette ujuṃ gate sati”. (When the leader of the crossing cattle goes straight, all the cows go straight when the leader goes straight.)

By dividing the sutta, in other contexts there is also the substitution by “goṇa”: goṇabhūtānaṃ.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.