Pāḷi Grammars
ES

Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§89

Su-naṃ-hisu ca

And when ‘su’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘hi’ follow.

Text and translation

Read in the chapter →

89. 87. Su-naṃ-hisu ca (246)

[Su-naṃ-hisu + ca = 2 words]

Su naṃ hi icc etesu sabbe sarā dīgham āpajjante.

Aggīsu, aggīnaṃ, aggīhi; rattīsu, rattīnaṃ, rattīhi; bhikkhūsu, bhikkhūnaṃ, bhikkhūhi. Purisānaṃ.

Etesv iti kimatthaṃ? Agginā, pāṇinā, daṇḍinā.

Caggahaṇam avadhāraṇatthaṃ. Sukhettesu brahmacārisu (A. i, 352); dhammam akkhāsi Bhagavā; bhikkhunaṃ datvā sakehi pāṇibhi (Khu. ii, 138).

And when ‘su’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘hi’ follow.
When ‘su’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘hi’ follow, all the vowels are lengthened.
Examples
  1. Aggīsu = aggi + su (‘i’ is lengthened (§89)).
  2. The formation of the rest of the examples is similar to the previous one.

What is the purpose of saying “when these follow”? [This sutta does not apply when ‘su’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘hi’ do not follow, such as in] agginā, pāṇinā, daṇḍinā.

“Ca” is for preventing [the application of this rule in the following cases].

Examples
  1. Brahmacārisu = brahmacāri + su (here ‘i’ is not lengthened, by “ca” (§89)).
  2. Bhikkhunaṃ = bhikkhu + naṃ (here ‘u’ is not lengthened).
  3. Pāṇibhi = pāṇi + hi (‘hi’ is substituted by ‘bhi’ (§99); ‘i’ is not lengthened, by “ca” (§89)).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

Drafts

Ask about §89

Questions are asked from the analysis following Visuddhāyuṃ (draft): the answer uses this sutta's row and the project's sources. It is for enrolled students and requires signing in.

Ask about §89 →

Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.