Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8
O sare ca
And when a vowel follows, ‘o’.
- Kaccāyana 78
- Rūpasiddhi 31
- Saddanīti 229
- Nāma-Kappa · Paṭhama-Kaṇḍa
Text and translation
Read in the chapter →78. 31. O sare ca (229)
Go icc etassa okārassa avādeso hoti samāse ca sare pare.
Gavassakaṃ, gaveḷakaṃ, gavājinaṃ.
Caggahaṇena uvaṇṇa icc evam antānaṃ liṅgānaṃ uva-ava-urādesā honti smiṃ-yo icc etesu kvaci.
Bhuvi, pasavo, guravo, caturo (Khu. i, 293).
Sare ti kimatthaṃ? Godhano, govindho (D. ii, 186).
- Gavassakaṃ = go + assakaṃ (‘o’ of “go” is substituted by ‘ava’ (§78); ‘a’ of ‘ava’ is elided (§12)).
And by taking “ca”, when ‘smiṃ’ and ‘yo’ follow, sometimes the bases ending in ‘u’ and ‘ū’ are substituted by ‘uva’, ‘ava’ and ‘ura’.
- Bhuvi = bhū + smiṃ (by “ca” of this sutta, ‘ū’ of “bhū” is substituted by ‘uva’ (§78); by “tato” of §206 ‘smiṃ’ is substituted by ‘i’; ‘a’ of ‘uva’ is elided (§12)).
- Pasavo = pasu + yo (by “ca” of this sutta, ‘u’ of “pasu” is substituted by ‘ava’ (§78); ‘yo’ is substituted by ‘o’ (“tu” in §205); ‘a’ of ‘ava’ is elided (§12)).
- Caturo = catu + yo (by “ca” of this sutta, ‘u’ is substituted by ‘ura’ (§78); ‘yo’ is substituted by ‘o’ (“tu” in §205); ‘a’ of ‘ura’ is elided (§12)).
What is the purpose of saying “when a vowel follows”? [This sutta does not apply when a vowel does not follow, such as in] godhano, govindho.
Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.
Drafts
Ask about §78
Questions are asked from the analysis following Visuddhāyuṃ (draft): the answer uses this sutta's row and the project's sources. It is for enrolled students and requires signing in.
Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.