Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 1 of 8

§25

Dīghaṃ

Long.

Text and translation

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25. 37. Dīghaṃ (64, 71, 165)

[Dīghaṃ = 1 word]

Sarā kho byañjane pare kvaci (sometimes) dīghaṃ (long / becomes long) papponti.

Sammā dhammaṃ vipassato (Khu. i, 67), evaṃ gāme munī care (Khu. i, 20), khantī paramaṃ tapo titikkhā (D. ii, 42).

Kvacī ti kasmā? Idha modati pecca modati (Khu. i, 15), patilīyati (A. ii, 434), paṭihaññati (Vin. iv, 292).

Long.
When a consonant follows, vowels sometimes become long.
Examples: “Sammā dhammaṃ vipassato”, “evaṃ gāme munī care”, “khantī paramaṃ tapo titikkhā”.
Sammā dhammaṃ
  1. samma dhammaṃ
  2. sammā dhammaṃ (§25)
Munī care
  1. muni care
  2. munī care (§25)
Khantī paramaṃ
  1. khanti paramaṃ
  2. khantī paramaṃ (§25)

Why say “sometimes”? [To prevent the operation of this rule in the following examples] “Idha modati pecca modati”, “patilīyati”, “paṭihaññati”.

“Idha modati pecca modati.” Here the vowels ‘a’ of “idha” and “pecca” remain unchanged before the consonants.

“Patilīyati”: pati + lī + ya + ti.

“Paṭihaññati”: paṭi + hana + ya + ti.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.