Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§270

Amha-tumha-ntu-rāja-brahm’-atta-sakha-satthu-pitādihi smā nā ’va

After “amha”, “tumha”, “ntu”, “rāja”, “brahma”, “atta”, “sakha”, “satthu”, “pitu”, etc., ‘smā’ is like ‘nā’.

Text and translation

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270. 120. Amha-tumha-ntu-rāja-brahm’-atta-sakha-satthu-pitādihi smā nā ’va (542)

[Amha-tumha-ntu-rāja-brahma-atta-sakha-satthu-pitu-ādīhi + smā + nā + iva = 4 words]

Amha tumha ntu rāja brahma atta sakha satthu pitu icc evamādīhi smāvacanaṃ nā ’va daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Mayā, tayā, guṇavatā, raññā, brahmunā, attanā, sakhinā, satthārā, pitarā, mātarā, bhātarā, dhītarā, kattārā, vattārā.

Etehī ti kimatthaṃ? Purisā.

After “amha”, “tumha”, “ntu”, “rāja”, “brahma”, “atta”, “sakha”, “satthu”, “pitu”, etc., ‘smā’ is like ‘nā’.
After “amha”, “tumha”, “ntu”, “rāja”, “brahma”, “atta”, “sakha”, “satthu”, “pitu”, etc., the inflection ‘smā’ is to be regarded as ‘nā’.
  1. Mayā = amha + smā (‘smā’ is to be regarded as ‘nā’ (§270); “amha” together with the inflection is substituted by “mayā” (§145)).
  2. Tayā = tumha + smā (‘smā’ is to be regarded as ‘nā’ (§270); “tumha” together with the inflection is substituted by “tayā” (§145)).
  3. Guṇavatā = guṇavantu + smā (‘smā’ is to be regarded as ‘nā’ (§270); “ntu” together with the inflection is substituted by ‘tā’ (§127)).
  4. Raññā = rāja + smā (‘smā’ is to be regarded as ‘nā’ (§270); “rāja” together with the inflection is substituted by “raññā” (§137)).
  5. Brahmunā = brahma + smā (‘smā’ is to be regarded as ‘nā’ (§270); ‘a’ of “brahma” becomes ‘u’ (§198)).
  6. Attanā = atta + smā (‘smā’ is to be regarded as ‘nā’ (§270); see also §214).
  7. Sakhinā = sakha + smā (‘smā’ is to be regarded as ‘nā’ (§270); ‘a’ of “sakha” is substituted by ‘i’ (§194)).
  8. Satthārā = satthu + smā (‘smā’ is to be regarded as ‘nā’ (§270); ‘u’ of “satthu” becomes ‘āra’ (§200); ‘nā’ is substituted by ‘ā’ (§207); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  9. Pitarā = pitu + smā (‘smā’ is to be regarded as ‘nā’ (§270); ‘u’ of “pitu” becomes ‘āra’ (§200); ‘nā’ is substituted by ‘ā’ (§207); ‘ā’ of “āra” is shortened (§209); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  10. Mātarā, Bhātarā, Dhītarā: [like pitarā].
  11. Kattārā, Vattārā: [like satthārā].

What is the purpose of saying “after these”? [This sutta does not apply when they are not these, such as in:] Purisā.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.