Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§194

Sakhantass’ i no-nā-naṃ-sesu

When ‘no’, ‘nā’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘sa’ follow, [there is] ‘i’ of the end of “sakha”.

Text and translation

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194. 131. Sakhantass’ i no-nā-naṃ-sesu (407)

[Sakha-antassa + i + no-nā-naṃ-sesu = 3 words]

Tassa sakhantassa ikāro hoti no nā naṃ sa icc etesu.

Sakhino, sakhinā, sakhīnaṃ, sakhissa.

Etesv iti kimatthaṃ? Sakhārehi.

When ‘no’, ‘nā’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘sa’ follow, [there is] ‘i’ of the end of “sakha”.
When [the inflections] ‘no’, ‘nā’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘sa’ follow, the end [vowel] of “sakha” becomes the letter ‘i’.
Examples
  1. Sakhino = sakha + yo (‘yo’ is substituted by ‘no’ (§191); the end ‘a’ of “sakha” is substituted by ‘i’ (§194)).
  2. Sakhinā = sakha + nā (the end ‘a’ of “sakha” is substituted by ‘i’ (§194)).
  3. Sakhīnaṃ = sakha + naṃ (the end ‘a’ of “sakha” is substituted by ‘i’ (§194); ‘i’ is lengthened (§89)).
  4. Sakhissa = sakha + sa (the end ‘a’ of “sakha” is substituted by ‘i’ (§194); ‘s’ is inserted (§61)).

What is the purpose of saying “when the [inflections ‘no’, ‘nā’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘sa’] follow”? [This sutta does not apply when these inflections do not follow, such as in:] sakhārehi.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.