Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§198

Uttaṃ sa-nāsu

When ‘sa’ and ‘nā’ follow, [there is] ‘u’.

Text and translation

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198. 123. Uttaṃ sa-nāsu (410)

[Uttaṃ + sa-nāsu = 2 words]

Tassa brahma saddassa anto uttam āpajjate sa nā icc etesu.

Brahmuno, brahmunā.

Sa-nāsv iti kimatthaṃ? Brahmā.

When ‘sa’ and ‘nā’ follow, [there is] ‘u’.
When [the inflections] ‘sa’ and ‘nā’ follow, the end [vowel] of the word “brahma” becomes ‘u’.
Examples
  1. Brahmuno = brahma + sa (‘a’ of “brahma” becomes ‘u’ (§198); ‘u’ is named ‘jha’ (§58); ‘sa’ is substituted by ‘no’ (§117)).
  2. Brahmunā = brahma + nā (‘a’ of “brahma” becomes ‘u’ (§198)).

What is the purpose of saying “when ‘sa’ and ‘nā’ follow”? [This sutta does not apply when ‘sa’ or ‘nā’ do not follow, such as in:] brahmā.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.