Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§199

Satthu-pitādīnam ā sismiṃ silopo ca

And when ‘si’ follows, [there is] ‘ā’ of “satthu”, “pitu”, etc., and the elision of ‘si’.

Text and translation

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199. 158. Satthu-pitādīnam ā sismiṃ silopo ca (411)

[Satthu-pitu-ādīnaṃ + ā + sismiṃ + silopo + ca = 5 words]

Satthu-pitu-ādīnam anto āttam āpajjate sismiṃ, silopo ca hoti.

Satthā, pitā, mātā, bhātā, kattā.

Sismim iti kimatthaṃ? Satthussa, pitussa, mātussa, bhātussa, kattussa.

And when ‘si’ follows, [there is] ‘ā’ of “satthu”, “pitu”, etc., and the elision of ‘si’.
When [the inflection] ‘si’ follows, the end [vowel] of “satthu”, “pitu”, etc., becomes ‘ā’; and ‘si’ is elided.
Examples
  1. Satthā = satthu + si (‘u’ becomes ‘ā’ (§199); ‘si’ is elided (§199)).
  2. Pitā = pitu + si (‘u’ becomes ‘ā’ (§199); ‘si’ is elided (§199)).
  3. Mātā = mātu + si (‘u’ becomes ‘ā’ (§199); ‘si’ is elided (§199)).
  4. Bhātā = bhātu + si (‘u’ becomes ‘ā’ (§199); ‘si’ is elided (§199)).
  5. Kattā = kattu + si (‘u’ becomes ‘ā’ (§199); ‘si’ is elided (§199)).

What is the purpose of saying “when ‘si’ follows”? [This sutta does not apply when ‘si’ does not follow, such as in:] satthussa, pitussa, mātussa, bhātussa, kattussa.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.