Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§200

Aññesv ārattaṃ

When others follow, [there is] ‘āra’.

Text and translation

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200. 159. Aññesv ārattaṃ (412)

[Aññesu + ārattaṃ = 2 words]

Satthu-pitu-ādīnam anto aññesu vacanesu ārattam āpajjate.

Satthāraṃ, pitaraṃ, mātaraṃ, bhātaraṃ, kattāraṃ, satthārehi, pitarehi, mātarehi, bhātarehi, kattārehi.

Aññesv iti kimatthaṃ? Satthā, pitā, mātā, bhātā, kattā.

When others follow, [there is] ‘āra’.
When other inflections follow, the end [vowel] of “satthu”, “pitu”, etc., becomes ‘āra’.
  1. Satthāraṃ = satthu + aṃ (‘u’ of “satthu” becomes ‘āra’ (§200); ‘a’ of ‘āra’ is elided (§83)).
  2. Pitaraṃ = pitu + aṃ (‘u’ of “pitu” becomes ‘āra’ (§200); ‘ā’ of ‘āra’ is shortened (§209); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  3. Mātaraṃ = mātu + aṃ (‘u’ of “mātu” becomes ‘āra’ (§200); ‘ā’ of ‘āra’ is shortened (§209); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  4. Bhātaraṃ = bhātu + aṃ (‘u’ of “bhātu” becomes ‘āra’ (§200); ‘ā’ of ‘āra’ is shortened (§209); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  5. Kattāraṃ = kattu + aṃ (‘u’ of “kattu” becomes ‘āra’ (§200); ‘a’ of ‘āra’ is elided (§83)).
  6. Satthārehi = satthu + hi (‘u’ of “satthu” becomes ‘āra’ (§200); ‘a’ of ‘āra’ is substituted by ‘e’ (§101)).
  7. Pitarehi = pitu + hi (‘u’ of “pitu” becomes ‘āra’ (§200); ‘ā’ of ‘āra’ is shortened (§209); ‘a’ is substituted by ‘e’ (§101)).
  8. Mātarehi = mātu + hi (‘u’ of “mātu” becomes ‘āra’ (§200); ‘ā’ of ‘āra’ is shortened (§209); ‘a’ is substituted by ‘e’ (§101)).
  9. Bhātarehi = bhātu + hi (‘u’ of “bhātu” becomes ‘āra’ (§200); ‘ā’ of ‘āra’ is shortened (§209); ‘a’ is substituted by ‘e’ (§101)).
  10. Kattārehi = kattu + hi (‘u’ of “kattu” becomes ‘āra’ (§200); ‘a’ of ‘āra’ is substituted by ‘e’ (§101)).

What is the purpose of saying “when other [inflections] follow”? [This sutta does not apply when other inflections do not follow, such as in:] satthā, pitā, mātā, bhātā, kattā.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.