Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§201

Vā naṃmhi

Optionally, when ‘naṃ’ follows.

Text and translation

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201. 163. Vā naṃmhi (416)

[Vā + naṃmhi = 2 words]

Satthu-pitu-ādīnam anto ārattam āpajjate vā naṃmhi vibhattimhi.

Satthārānaṃ, pitarānaṃ, mātarānaṃ, bhātarānaṃ.

Vā ti kimatthaṃ? Satthānaṃ, pitūnaṃ, mātūnaṃ, bhātūnaṃ.

Optionally, when ‘naṃ’ follows.
Optionally, when the inflection ‘naṃ’ follows, the end [vowel] of “satthu”, “pitu”, etc., becomes ‘āra’.
Examples
  1. Satthārānaṃ = satthu + naṃ (‘u’ of “satthu” becomes ‘āra’ (§201); ‘a’ of ‘āra’ is lengthened (§89)).
  2. Pitarānaṃ = pitu + naṃ (‘u’ of “pitu” becomes ‘āra’ (§201); ‘ā’ of ‘āra’ is shortened (§209); ‘a’ is lengthened (§89)).
  3. Mātarānaṃ = mātu + naṃ (‘u’ of “mātu” becomes ‘āra’ (§201); ‘ā’ of ‘āra’ is shortened (§209); ‘a’ is lengthened (§89)).
  4. Bhātarānaṃ = bhātu + naṃ (‘u’ of “bhātu” becomes ‘āra’ (§201); ‘ā’ of ‘āra’ is shortened (§209); ‘a’ is lengthened (§89)).

What is the purpose of saying “optionally”? [To allow exceptions to this sutta, such as in:] satthānaṃ, pitūnaṃ, mātūnaṃ, bhātūnaṃ.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.