Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§214

Smā nā

‘Smā’ [becomes] ‘nā’.

Text and translation

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214. 128. Smā nā (441)

[Smā + nā = 2 words]

Tato attato smāvacanassa nā hoti.

Attanā.

Puna tatogahaṇena tassa attano takārass’ eva rakāro hoti sabbesu vacanesu. Atrajo, atrajaṃ.

‘Smā’ [becomes] ‘nā’.
After “atta”, the inflection ‘smā’ becomes ‘nā’.
Examples
  1. Attanā = atta + smā (‘smā’ is substituted by ‘nā’ (§214)).

By taking “tato” again, ‘ta’ of “atta” becomes ‘ra’ when all the inflections follow.

Examples
  1. Atrajo = atta + jo (‘ta’ of “atta” is substituted by ‘ra’ (“tato” in §214)).
  2. Atrajaṃ = atta + jaṃ (‘ta’ of “atta” is substituted by ‘ra’ (“tato” in §214)).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.