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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§269

Yavataṃ ta-la-ṇa-dakārānaṃ byañjanāni ca-la-ña-ja-kārattaṃ

The consonants ‘t’, ‘l’, ‘ṇ’ and ‘d’ which have ‘y’ [become] the letters ‘c’, ‘l’, ‘ñ’ and ‘j’.

Text and translation

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269. 41. Yavataṃ ta-la-ṇa-dakārānaṃ byañjanāni ca-la-ña-ja-kārattaṃ (104, 106, 119, 121-5)

[Yavataṃ + ta-la-ṇa-da-kārānaṃ + byañjanāni + ca-la-ña-ja-kārattaṃ = 4 words]

Yakāravantānaṃ ta-la-ṇa-dakārānaṃ byañjanāni ca-la-ña-ja-kārattam āpajjante yathāsaṅkhyaṃ.

Bāhussaccaṃ; paṇḍiccaṃ (Abhi. iii, 128); vepullaṃ (Abhi. iii, 128); kāruññaṃ (Khu. vi, 177); kosallaṃ (Abhi. iii, 128); nepuññaṃ (Abhi. iii, 128); sāmaññaṃ (S. iii, 20); sohajjaṃ.

Yavatam ti kimatthaṃ? Tiṇadalaṃ.

Ta-la-ṇa-da-kārānam iti kimatthaṃ? Ālasyaṃ (Abhi. iii, 364); ārogyaṃ (Khu. i, 395).

Byañjanāni iti kimatthaṃ? Maccunā.

Kāraggahaṇaṃ kimatthaṃ? Yakārassa makārādesañāpanatthaṃ. Opammaṃ (M. ii, 42).

The consonants ‘t’, ‘l’, ‘ṇ’ and ‘d’ which have ‘y’ [become] the letters ‘c’, ‘l’, ‘ñ’ and ‘j’.
The consonants ‘t’, ‘l’, ‘ṇ’ and ‘d’ which have the letter ‘y’ become respectively the letters ‘c’, ‘l’, ‘ñ’ and ‘j’.
Examples
  1. Bāhussaccaṃ = bahussuta + ṇya (‘ṇ’ is elided (§396); ‘a’ becomes ‘ā’ (§400); the last ‘a’ is elided (§261); ‘t’ together with ‘y’ becomes ‘c’ (§269); ‘c’ is doubled (§28); ‘u’ becomes ‘a’ (§404)).

What is the purpose of saying “which have ‘ya’”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no ‘ya’, such as in:] Tiṇadalaṃ.

What is the purpose of saying “the letters ‘t’, ‘l’, ‘ṇ’ and ‘d’”? [This sutta does not apply when there are none of these letters, such as in:] Ālasyaṃ, ārogyaṃ.

What is the purpose of saying “consonants”? [This sutta does not apply when there are no consonants, such as in:] Maccunā.

What is the purpose of taking ‘kāra’? To make known the substitution of the letter ‘ya’ by the letter ‘ma’, such as in: Opammaṃ.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.