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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 5 of 8

§404

Tesu vuddhi-lopāgama-vikāra-viparītādesā ca

And in those [places there are] strengthening, elision, insertion, change, reversal and substitution.

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404. 370. Tesu vuddhi-lopāgama-vikāra-viparītādesā ca (859)

[Tesu + vuddhi-lopa-āgama-vikāra-viparīta-ādesā + ca = 3 words]

Tesu ādi-majjh’-uttaresu yathājinavacanānuparodhena kvaci vuddhi hoti, kvaci lopo hoti, kvaci āgamo hoti, kvaci vikāro hoti, kvaci viparīto hoti, kvaci ādeso hoti.

Ādivuddhi tāva: Ābhidhammiko, Venateyyo icc evamādi.

Majjhevuddhi tāva: Sukhaseyyaṃ, sukhakāri dānaṃ, sukhakāri sīlaṃ icc evamādi.

Uttaravuddhi tāva: Kāliṅgo (JA. iv, 233), Māgadhiko (M. i, 287), paccakkhadhammā icc evamādi.

Ādilopo tāva: Tālīsaṃ icc evamādi.

Majjhelopo tāva: Kattukāmo (Vin. ii, 82), kumbhakāraputto (Vin. i, 50), Vedallaṃ icc evamādi.

Uttaralopo tāva: Bhikkhu, bhikkhunī icc evamādi.

Ādi-āgamo tāva: Vutto Bhagavatā (Khu. i, 195) icc evamādi.

Majjheāgamo tāva: Sa sīlavā, sa paññavā icc evamādi.

Uttara-āgamo tāva: Vedallaṃ (Vin. i, 50) icc evamādi.

Ādivikāro tāva: Ārisyaṃ, āṇyaṃ, āsabhaṃ, ajjavaṃ icc evamādi.

Majjhevikāro tāva: Varārisyaṃ, parārisyaṃ icc evamādi.

Uttaravikāro tāva: Yāni, tāni, sukhāni icc evamādi.

Ādiviparīto tāva: Uggate sūriye uggacchati icc evamādi.

Majjheviparīto tāva: Samuggacchati, samuggate sūriye icc evamādi.

Uttaraviparīto tāva: Digu, diguṇaṃ (Vin. iii, 402) icc evamādi.

Ādi-ādeso tāva: Yūnaṃ icc evamādi.

Majjhe-ādeso tāva: Nyāyogā icc evamādi.

Uttara-ādeso tāva: sabbaseyyo, sabbaseṭṭho, cittaṃ icc evamādi. Evaṃ yathājinavacanānuparodhena sabbattha yojetabbā.

And in those [places there are] strengthening, elision, insertion, change, reversal and substitution.
In those [three places] –initial, middle and final–, without contradicting the Word of the Victorious One, sometimes there is strengthening (vuddhi), sometimes elision (lopa), sometimes insertion (āgama), sometimes change (vikāra), sometimes reversal (viparīta) and sometimes substitution (ādesa).
First, initial strengthening: Ābhidhammiko, Venateyyo, etc.
Middle strengthening: sukhaseyyaṃ (sleeping in comfort), sukhakāri dānaṃ (generosity that causes happiness), sukhakāri sīlaṃ (virtue that causes happiness), etc.
Final strengthening: Kāliṅgo (a resident of Kaliṅga), Māgadhiko (a resident of Magadha), paccakkhadhammā (one who has realized the Dhamma), etc.
Initial elision: tālīsaṃ (forty), etc.
Middle elision: kattukāmo (one who wishes to do), kumbhakāraputto (the son of the potter), Vedallaṃ, etc.
Final elision: bhikkhu, bhikkhunī, etc.
Initial insertion: vutto Bhagavatā (said by the Blessed One), etc.
Middle insertion: sa sīlavā (he is virtuous), sa paññavā (he is wise), etc.
Final insertion: Vedallaṃ, etc.
Initial change: ārisyaṃ (sageness), āṇyaṃ (indebtedness), āsabhaṃ (bullness), ajjavaṃ (rectitude), etc.
Middle change: varārisyaṃ (excellent state of a sage), parārisyaṃ (another state of a sage), etc.
Final change: yāni (those), tāni (those), sukhāni (happinesses), etc.
Initial reversal: uggate sūriye uggacchati (when the sun has risen: it rises), etc.
Middle reversal: samuggacchati, samuggate sūriye, etc.
Final reversal: digu, diguṇaṃ (two layers), etc.
Initial substitution: yūnaṃ (of ‘i’ and ‘u’), etc.
Middle substitution: nyāyogā (constant effort), etc.
Final substitution: sabbaseyyo (the noblest of all), sabbaseṭṭho (the best of all), cittaṃ (diversified/consciousness), etc. Thus they are to be formed everywhere without contradicting the Word of the Victorious One.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.