Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§67

No ca dvādito naṃmhi

And when ‘naṃ’ [follows], after “dvi” and others, [there is insertion of] ‘n’.

Text and translation

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67. 229. No ca dvādito naṃmhi (214)

[No + ca + dvi-ādito + naṃmhi = 4 words]

Dvi icc evamādito saṅkhyāto nakārāgamo hoti naṃmhi vibhattimhi.

Dvinnaṃ, tinnaṃ, catunnaṃ, pañcannaṃ, channaṃ, sattannaṃ, aṭṭhannaṃ, navannaṃ, dasannaṃ.

Dvādito ti kimatthaṃ? Sahassānaṃ.

Naṃmhi ti kimatthaṃ? Dvīsu, tīsu.

Caggahaṇena ssañ c’ āgamo hoti. Catassannaṃ itthīnaṃ; tissannaṃ vedanānaṃ.

And when ‘naṃ’ [follows], after “dvi” and others, [there is insertion of] ‘n’.
After the numerals “dvi” (two) and others, the letter ‘n’ is inserted when the inflection ‘naṃ’ follows.
Examples
  1. Dvinnaṃ (of two) = dvi + naṃ (by this sutta ‘n’ is inserted).
  2. Tinnaṃ (of three), catunnaṃ (of four), pañcannaṃ (of five), channaṃ (of six), sattannaṃ (of seven), aṭṭhannaṃ (of eight), navannaṃ (of nine), dasannaṃ (of ten). The formation of these numerals is similar to the previous one.

What is the purpose of saying “‘dvi’ and others”? [This sutta does not apply to higher numbers such as] sahassānaṃ (of thousands).

What is the purpose of saying “when ‘naṃ’ follows”? [This sutta does not apply when ‘naṃ’ does not follow, such as in] dvīsu (in two), tīsu (in three).

And by taking “ca”, ‘ssa’ is also inserted.

Examples
  1. Catassannaṃ = catu + naṃ (‘u’ of “catu” is substituted by ‘a’ (§404); by “ca” of this sutta ‘ssa’ is inserted). Catassannaṃ itthīnaṃ (of four women).
  2. Tissannaṃ = ti + naṃ (by “ca” of this sutta ‘ssa’ is inserted). Tissannaṃ vedanānaṃ (of three feelings).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.