Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§66

Gho rassaṃ

‘Gha’ [becomes short].

Text and translation

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66. 205. Gho rassaṃ (213)

[Gho + rassaṃ = 2 words]

Gho rassam āpajjate saṃ-sāsu ekavacanesu vibhattādesesu.

Tassaṃ, tassā; yassaṃ, yassā; sabbassaṃ, sabbassā.

Saṃ-sāsv iti kimatthaṃ? Tāya, sabbāya.

Ekavacanesv iti kimatthaṃ? Tāsaṃ, sabbāsaṃ.

‘Gha’ [becomes short].
When ‘saṃ’ and ‘sā’, which are substitutions of the singular inflections [‘smiṃ’ and ‘sa’], follow, ‘gha’ becomes short.
Examples
  1. Tassaṃ = tā + smiṃ (‘smiṃ’ is substituted by ‘saṃ’ (§179); ‘s’ is inserted (§62); ‘ā’ is named ‘gha’ (§60); ‘ā’ of “tā” is shortened (§66)).
  2. Tassā = tā + sa (‘sa’ is substituted by ‘sā’ (§179); ‘s’ is inserted (§62); ‘ā’ is named ‘gha’ (§60); ‘ā’ of “tā” is shortened (§66)).
  3. Yassaṃ = yā + smiṃ (‘smiṃ’ is substituted by ‘saṃ’ (§179); ‘s’ is inserted (§62); ‘ā’ is named ‘gha’ (§60); ‘ā’ of “yā” is shortened (§66)).
  4. Yassā = yā + sa (‘sa’ is substituted by ‘sā’ (§179); ‘s’ is inserted (§62); ‘ā’ is named ‘gha’ (§60); ‘ā’ of “yā” is shortened (§66)).
  5. Sabbassaṃ = sabbā + smiṃ (‘smiṃ’ is substituted by ‘saṃ’ (§179); ‘s’ is inserted (§62); ‘ā’ is named ‘gha’ (§60); ‘ā’ of “sabbā” is shortened (§66)).
  6. Sabbassā = sabbā + sa (‘sa’ is substituted by ‘sā’ (§179); ‘s’ is inserted (§62); ‘ā’ is named ‘gha’ (§60); ‘ā’ of “sabbā” is shortened (§66)).

What is the purpose of saying “‘saṃ’ and ‘sā’”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no ‘saṃ’ or ‘sā’, such as in] tāya, sabbāya.

What is the purpose of saying “singular”? [This sutta does not apply when the words are not singular, such as in] tāsaṃ, sabbāsaṃ.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.