Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§62

Saṃ-sāsv ekavacanesu ca

And when the singular ‘saṃ’ and ‘sā’ [follow].

Text and translation

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62. 206. Saṃ-sāsv ekavacanesu ca (209)

[Saṃ-sāsu + ekavacanesu + ca = 3 words]

Saṃ-sāsu ekavacanesu vibhattādesesu sakārāgamo hoti.

Etissaṃ, etissā; imissaṃ, imissā; tissaṃ, tissā; tassaṃ, tassā; yassaṃ, yassā; amussaṃ, amussā.

Saṃ-sāsv iti kimatthaṃ? Agginā, pāṇinā.

Ekavacanesv iti kimatthaṃ? Tāsaṃ, sabbāsaṃ.

Vibhattādesesv iti kimatthaṃ? Manasā, vacasā, thāmasā.

And when the singular ‘saṃ’ and ‘sā’ [follow].
When ‘saṃ’ and ‘sā’, which are substitutions of the singular inflections [‘smiṃ’ and ‘sa’], follow, there is insertion of ‘s’.
Examples
  1. Etissaṃ = etā + smiṃ (‘ā’ of “etā” is substituted by ‘i’ (§63); ‘smiṃ’ is substituted by ‘saṃ’ (§179) and ‘s’ is inserted (§62)). Meaning: “in that”. [Feminine gender.]
  2. Etissā = etā + sa (‘ā’ of “etā” is substituted by ‘i’ (§63); ‘sa’ is substituted by ‘sā’ (§179) and ‘s’ is inserted (§62)). Meaning: “of that”. [Feminine gender.]
  3. The rest (imissaṃ, imissā; tissaṃ, tissā; tassaṃ, tassā; yassaṃ, yassā; amussaṃ, amussā) are to be understood similarly.

What is the purpose of saying “‘saṃ’ and ‘sā’”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no ‘saṃ’ or ‘sā’, such as in] “agginā” (with fire) and “pāṇinā” (with the hand).

What is the purpose of saying “singular”? [This sutta does not apply when the words are not singular, such as in] tāsaṃ (of those) and sabbāsaṃ (of all).

What is the purpose of saying “which are substitutions of inflections”? [This sutta does not apply when there are no substitutions of inflections, such as in] manasā (with the mind), vacasā (with speech) and thāmasā (with strength).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.