Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§179

Gha-pato smiṃ-sānaṃ saṃ-sā

‘Saṃ’ and ‘sā’ of ‘smiṃ’ and ‘sa’ after ‘gha’ and ‘pa’.

Text and translation

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179. 204. Gha-pato smiṃ-sānaṃ saṃ-sā (365)

[Gha-pato + smiṃ-sānaṃ + saṃ-sā = 3 words]

Sabbato sabbanāmato gha-pasaññato smiṃ sa icc etesaṃ saṃ-sā-ādesā honti vā yathāsaṅkhyaṃ.

Sabbassaṃ, sabbassā; sabbāyaṃ, sabbāya. Imissaṃ, imissā (Abhi. ii, 254); imāyaṃ, imāya. Amussaṃ, amussā (M. iii, 10); amuyaṃ, amuyā.

Sabbanāmato ti kimatthaṃ? Itthiyaṃ, itthiyā.

Smiṃ-sānam iti kimatthaṃ? Amuyo.

‘Saṃ’ and ‘sā’ of ‘smiṃ’ and ‘sa’ after ‘gha’ and ‘pa’.
Optionally, after all the pronouns named ‘gha’ and ‘pa’, ‘smiṃ’ and ‘sa’ become ‘saṃ’ and ‘sā’ respectively.
Example
  1. Sabbassaṃ = sabbā + smiṃ (‘ā’ of “sabbā” is named ‘gha’ (§60); ‘smiṃ’ becomes ‘saṃ’ (§179); ‘s’ is inserted (§62); ‘ā’ is shortened (§66)).

What is the purpose of saying “after the pronouns”? [This sutta does not apply when there are no pronouns, such as in:] Itthiyaṃ, itthiyā.

What is the purpose of saying “of ‘smiṃ’ and ‘sa’”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no ‘smiṃ’ or ‘sa’, such as in:] Amuyo.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.