Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§157

Hi-vibhattimhi ca

And when the inflection ‘hi’ follows.

Text and translation

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157. 140. Hi-vibhattimhi ca (337-8)

[Hi-vibhattimhi + ca = 2 words]

Puma icc evam antassa hi vibhattimhi ca āne-ādeso hoti.

Pumānehi, pumānebhi.

Puna vibhattiggahaṇaṃ kimatthaṃ? Savibhattiggahaṇa-nivattanatthaṃ. Pumānehi.

Caggahaṇena maghava yuva icc evamādīnam antassa āna-ādeso hoti si yo aṃ yo icc etesu vibhattīsu. Puma-kamma-thāmantassa c’ ukāro hoti sa-smāsu vibhattīsu. Maghavāno. Maghavānā, maghavānaṃ, maghavāne. Yuvāno, yuvānā, yuvānaṃ, yuvāne; pumuno, pumunā. Kammuno, kammunā. Thāmuno, thāmunā.

And when the inflection ‘hi’ follows.
When the inflection ‘hi’ follows, the end vowel of “puma” is substituted by ‘āne’.
  1. Pumānehi = puma + hi (‘a’ of “puma” is substituted by ‘āne’ (§157)).

What is the purpose of taking “vibhatti” again? To prevent the inclusion of “savibhatti” in this sutta. Example: pumānehi.

By taking “ca”, when the inflections ‘si’, ‘yo’, ‘aṃ’ and ‘yo’ follow, the end vowel of “maghava”, “yuva”, etc., is substituted by ‘āna’. And when the inflections ‘sa’ and ‘smā’ follow, the [end] vowel of “puma”, “kamma” and “thāma” is substituted by the letter ‘u’.

  1. Maghavāno = maghava + si (by “ca”, ‘a’ of “maghava” is substituted by ‘āna’ (§157); ‘si’ is substituted by ‘o’ (§104); ‘a’ of ‘āna’ is elided (§83)).
  2. Maghavānā = maghava + yo (by “ca”, ‘a’ of “maghava” is substituted by ‘āna’ (§157); ‘yo’ is substituted by ‘ā’ (§107); ‘a’ of ‘āna’ is elided (§83)).
  3. Maghavānaṃ = maghava + aṃ (by “ca”, ‘a’ of “maghava” is substituted by ‘āna’ (§157); ‘a’ of ‘āna’ is elided (§83)).
  4. Maghavāne = maghava + yo (by “ca”, ‘a’ of “maghava” is substituted by ‘āna’ (§157); ‘yo’ is substituted by ‘e’ (§107); ‘a’ of ‘āna’ is elided (§83)).
  5. The formation of yuvāno, yuvānā, yuvānaṃ, yuvāne is similar to the previous one.
  6. Pumuno = puma + sa (by “ca”, ‘a’ of “puma” is substituted by ‘u’ (§157); ‘u’ is named ‘la’ (§58); ‘sa’ is substituted by ‘no’ (§117)).
  7. Pumunā = puma + smā (by “ca”, ‘a’ of “puma” is substituted by ‘u’ (§157); ‘u’ is named ‘la’ (§58); ‘smā’ is substituted by ‘nā’ (§215)).
  8. The formation of kammuno, kammunā, thāmuno, thāmunā is similar to the previous one.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.