Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§107

Sabbayo-nīnam ā e

‘Ā’ and ‘e’ of the whole ‘yo’ and ‘ni’.

Text and translation

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107. 69. Sabbayo-nīnam ā e (275, 277)

[Sabba-yo-nīnaṃ + ā + e = 3 words]

Tasmā akārato sabbesaṃ yo-nīnaṃ ā-e-ādesā honti vā yathāsaṅkhyaṃ.

Purisā, purise; rūpā, rūpe.

Vā ti kimatthaṃ? Aggayo, munayo, isayo.

Yo-nīnan ti kimatthaṃ? Purisassa, rūpassa.

Akārato ti kimatthaṃ? Daṇḍino, aṭṭhīni, aggī, pajjalanti, munī caranti.

‘Ā’ and ‘e’ of the whole ‘yo’ and ‘ni’.
Optionally, after the letter ‘a’, the whole ‘yo’ and ‘ni’ are substituted by ‘ā’ and ‘e’ respectively.
Examples
  1. Purisā = purisa + yo (‘yo’ is substituted by ‘ā’ (§107); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  2. Purise = purisa + ni (‘ni’ is substituted by ‘e’ (§107); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  3. The formation of the rest of the examples is similar to the previous one.

What is the purpose of saying “optionally”? [This sutta does not always apply, such as in] aggayo, munayo, isayo.

What is the purpose of saying “of ‘yo’ and ‘ni’”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no ‘yo’ or ‘ni’, such as in] purisassa, rūpassa.

What is the purpose of saying “after the letter ‘a’”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no ‘a’, such as in] daṇḍino, aṭṭhīni, aggī, pajjalanti, munī caranti.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.