Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§196

Su-nam-aṃsu vā

Optionally, when ‘su’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘aṃ’ follow.

Text and translation

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196. 133. Su-nam-aṃsu vā (409)

[Su-naṃ-aṃsu + vā = 2 words]

Tassa sakhantassa āro hoti vā su naṃ aṃ icc etesu.

Sakhāresu, sakhesu; sakhārānaṃ, sakhīnaṃ; sakhāraṃ, sakhaṃ.

Optionally, when ‘su’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘aṃ’ follow.
Optionally, when [the inflections] ‘su’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘aṃ’ follow, the end [vowel] of “sakha” becomes ‘āra’.
Examples
  1. Sakhāresu = sakha + su (the end ‘a’ of “sakha” is substituted by ‘āra’ (§196); ‘a’ of ‘āra’ is substituted by ‘e’ (§101)).
  2. Sakhesu = sakha + su (‘a’ of “sakha” is substituted by ‘e’ (§101)).
  3. Sakhārānaṃ = sakha + naṃ (the end ‘a’ of “sakha” is substituted by ‘āra’ (§196); ‘a’ of ‘āra’ is lengthened (§89)).
  4. Sakhīnaṃ = sakha + naṃ (the end ‘a’ of “sakha” is substituted by ‘i’ (§194); ‘i’ is lengthened (§89)).
  5. Sakhāraṃ = sakha + aṃ (the end ‘a’ of “sakha” is substituted by ‘āra’ (§196); ‘a’ of ‘āra’ is elided (§83)).
  6. Sakhaṃ = sakha + aṃ (‘a’ of “sakha” is elided (§83)).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.