Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§186

Simhi gacchantādīnaṃ ntasaddo aṃ

When ‘si’ follows, the suffix ‘nta’ of “gacchanta” and others [becomes] ‘aṃ’.

Text and translation

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186. 107. Simhi gacchantādīnaṃ ntasaddo aṃ (382-4)

[Simhi + gacchanta-ādīnaṃ + nta-saddo + aṃ = 4 words]

Simhi gacchantādīnaṃ ntasaddo am āpajjate vā.

Gacchaṃ, gacchanto; mahaṃ, mahanto; caraṃ, caranto; khādaṃ, khādanto.

Gacchantādīnam iti kimatthaṃ? Anto, danto, vanto, santo.

When ‘si’ follows, the suffix ‘nta’ of “gacchanta” and others [becomes] ‘aṃ’.
Optionally, when [the inflection] ‘si’ follows, the suffix ‘nta’ of “gacchanta” and others becomes ‘aṃ’.
Examples
  1. Gacchaṃ = gacchanta + si (‘nta’ becomes ‘aṃ’ (§186); ‘si’ is elided (§220); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  2. Gacchanto = gacchanta + si (‘si’ is substituted by ‘o’ (§104); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  3. Mahaṃ = mahanta + si (‘nta’ becomes ‘aṃ’ (§186); ‘si’ is elided (§220); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  4. Mahanto = mahanta + si (‘si’ is substituted by ‘o’ (§104); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  5. Caraṃ = caranta + si (‘nta’ becomes ‘aṃ’ (§186); ‘si’ is elided (§220); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  6. Caranto = caranta + si (‘si’ is substituted by ‘o’ (§104); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  7. Khādaṃ = khādanta + si (‘nta’ becomes ‘aṃ’ (§186); ‘si’ is elided (§220); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  8. Khādanto = khādanta + si (‘si’ is substituted by ‘o’ (§104); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).

What is the purpose of saying “of ‘gacchanta’ and others”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no “gacchanta” and others, such as in:] Anto, danto, vanto, santo.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.