Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§181

Manogaṇādito smiṃ-nānam i ā

After the group “mano” and others, [there are] ‘i’ and ‘ā’ of ‘smiṃ’ and ‘nā’.

Text and translation

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181. 95. Manogaṇādito smiṃ-nānam i ā (373)

[Manogaṇādito + smiṃ-nānaṃ + i-ā = 3 words]

Tasmā manogaṇādito smiṃ nā icc etesaṃ ikāra-ākārādesā honti vā yathāsaṅkhyaṃ.

Manasi (D. i, 12), manasmiṃ; sirasi, sirasmiṃ; manasā (Khu. i, 13), manena; vacasā (A. i, 504), vacena; sirasā (M. ii, 406), sirena; sarasā, sarena; tapasā (Khu. ii, 128), tapena; vayasā (D. ii, 125), vayena; yasasā (Khu. ii, 73), yasena; tejasā (Khu. ii, 135), tejena; urasā (M. ii, 409), urena; thāmasā, thāmena.

Smiṃ-nānam iti kimatthaṃ? Mano, siro, tamo, tapo, tejo.

Ādiggahaṇena aññāsmā pi smiṃ-nānaṃ ikāra-ākārādesā honti. Bilasi, bilasā; padasi, padasā.

After the group “mano” and others, [there are] ‘i’ and ‘ā’ of ‘smiṃ’ and ‘nā’.
Optionally, after the group “mano” and others, the inflections ‘smiṃ’ and ‘nā’ are substituted by ‘i’ and ‘ā’ respectively.
Examples
  1. Manasi = mana + smiṃ (‘smiṃ’ becomes ‘i’ (§181); ‘s’ is inserted (§184)).
  2. Manasā = mana + nā (‘nā’ becomes ‘ā’ (§181); ‘s’ is inserted (§184)).

What is the purpose of saying “of ‘smiṃ’ and ‘nā’”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no ‘smiṃ’ or ‘nā’, such as in:] Mano, siro, tamo, tapo, tejo.

By taking “ādi”, also after other [bases], ‘smiṃ’ and ‘nā’ become ‘i’ and ‘ā’. Examples: Bilasi, bilasā; padasi, padasā.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.