Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 1 of 8

§16

Pubbo ca

And the previous.

Text and translation

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16. 18. Pubbo ca (35)

[Pubbo + ca = 2 words]

Pubbo ca saro parasaralope kate kvaci (sometimes) dīghaṃ (long / becomes long) pappoti.

Kiṃ sū ’dha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhaṃ (Khu. i, 306), sādhū ti paṭissuṇitvā (DhA. i, 30).

Kvacī ti kasmā? Iti ’ssa muhuttam pi (Vin. ii, 196).

And the previous.
When the following vowel has been elided, the previous vowel sometimes becomes long.
Examples: “Kiṃ sū ’dha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhaṃ”, “sādhū ti paṭissuṇitvā”.
Examples [with formation sequence]
Kiṃ sū ’dha
Sequence
  1. kiṃsu idha
  2. kiṃs u idha (§10)
  3. kiṃs u dha (§13)
  4. kiṃs ū dha (§16)
  5. kiṃsūdha (§11)
  6. kiṃ sū ’dha (ME)
Sādhū ti
Sequence
  1. sādhu iti
  2. sādh u iti (§10)
  3. sādh u ti (§13)
  4. sādh ū ti (§16)
  5. sādhūti (§11)
  6. sādhū ti (ME)

Why say “sometimes” (kvaci)? [To prevent the operation of this rule in the following example] “Iti ’ssa muhuttam pi”.

Counter-example
Iti ’ssa
Sequence
  1. iti assa
  2. it i assa (§10)
  3. it i ssa (§13)
  4. itissa (§11)
  5. iti ’ssa (ME)

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.