Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§119

Lato vokāro ca

And after ‘la’, the letter ‘vo’.

Text and translation

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119. 155. Lato vokāro ca (294)

[Lato + vo-kāro + ca = 3 words]

Tasmā lato yonaṃ vokāro hoti vā.

Bhikkhavo, bhikkhū; sayambhuvo, sayambhū.

Kāraggahaṇaṃ kimatthaṃ? Yonaṃ no ca hoti. Jantuno.

Caggahaṇam avadhāraṇatthaṃ. Amū purisā tiṭṭhanti. Amū purise passatha.

And after ‘la’, the letter ‘vo’.
Optionally, after ‘la’, ‘yo’ is substituted by ‘vo’.
Examples
  1. Bhikkhavo = bhikkhu + yo (‘u’ is named ‘la’ (§58); ‘u’ becomes ‘a’ (§97); ‘yo’ is substituted by ‘vo’ (§119)).

What is the purpose of taking “kāra” [in the sutta]? ‘Yo’ is also substituted by ‘no’.

Example
  1. Jantuno = jantu + sa (‘u’ is named ‘la’ (§58); ‘sa’ is substituted by ‘no’ (§117)).

“Ca” is for preventing the operation in the following cases: Amū purisā tiṭṭhanti. Amū purise passatha.

Examples
  1. Amū = amu + yo (‘u’ is named ‘la’ (§58); by “ca”, ‘yo’ is not substituted by ‘no’ (§119); ‘yo’ is elided (§118); ‘u’ is lengthened (§88)).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.