Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§76

Āvass’ u vā

Optionally, ‘u’ of ‘āva’.

Text and translation

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76. 171. Āvass’ u vā (226)

[Āvassa + u + vā = 3 words]

Āva icc etassa gāvādesassa antasarassa ukārādeso hoti vā aṃmhi vibhattimhi.

Gāvuṃ, gāvaṃ.

Āvasse ti kimatthaṃ? Gavaṃ.

Aṃmhi ti kimatthaṃ? Gāvo tiṭṭhanti.

Optionally, ‘u’ of ‘āva’.
Optionally, when the inflection ‘aṃ’ follows, the end vowel of ‘āva’ –which is the substitution of “go”– is substituted by ‘u’.
Examples
  1. Gāvuṃ = go + aṃ (‘o’ of “go” is substituted by ‘āva’ (§73); ‘a’ of ‘āva’ is substituted by ‘u’ (§76); ‘aṃ’ is substituted by ‘ṃ’ (§82)).
  2. Gāvaṃ = no application of this rule.

What is the purpose of saying “of ‘āva’”? [This sutta does not apply in] gavaṃ.

What is the purpose of saying “when ‘aṃ’ follows”? [This sutta does not apply when ‘aṃ’ does not follow, such as in] gāvo tiṭṭhanti.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.