Dhātu-nāmānam upasaggayogādīsv api ca

As what?

1. Buddhasmā parājenti aññatitthiyā (the adherents of other teachers were defeated by the Buddha).

In connection with the root ‘bhū’ preceded by ‘pa’, that from which there is an uninterrupted flow has the name “apādāna” (starting point).

As what?

1. Himavatā pabhavanti pañca mahānadiyo (the five great rivers originate from the Himalayas).
2. Anavatattamhā pabhavanti mahāsarā (the great lakes originate from the [lake] Anavatatta).
3. Aciravatiyā pabhavanti kunnadiyo (the small rivers originate from the [river] Aciravatī).

Also in connection with nouns, that case has the name “apādāna” (starting point).

As what?

1. Urasmā jāto putto (a son born from the breast).
2. Bhūmito niggato raso (the essence comes out from the earth).
3. Ubhato sujāto putto mātito ca pitito ca (a son well born from both, from the mother and from the father).

In connection with prefixes, that case has the name “apādāna” (starting point).

As what?

1. Apasālāya āyanti vāṇijā (the merchants go avoiding the [customs] hall).
2. Ābrahmalokā saddo abbhuggacchati (the sound spreads as far as the world of Brahmā).
3. Upari pabbatā devo vassati (the rain falls above the hill).
4. Buddhasmā pati Sāriputto dhammadesanāya bhikkhū ālapati temāsaṃ (substituting the Buddha, Sāriputta calls the bhikkhus to preach the Dhamma for three months).
5. Ghatam assa telasmā pati dadāti ([he] gives him butter instead of oil).
6. Uppalam assa padumasmā pati dadāti ([he] gives him a lily instead of a lotus).
7. Kanakam assa hiraññasmā pati dadāti ([he] gives him gold instead of silver).

By taking “ādi”, there is also the fifth inflection in the middle of cases.

1. Ito pakkhasmā vijjhati migaṃ luddako (the hunter pierces [will pierce] the deer fifteen days from now).
2. (Ito) kosā vijjhati kuñjaraṃ ([he] pierces the elephant a kosa from here).
3. (Ito) māsasmā bhuñjati bhojanaṃ ([he] eats the food a month from now).

By taking “api”, there is also the fifth inflection in connection with particles, and also the second and the third [inflection].

1. Rahitā mātujā puññaṃ katvā dānaṃ deti (without a son, having done merit, [he] gives); rahitā mātujaṃ, rahitā mātujena vā.
2. Rite saddhammā kuto sukhaṃ labhati (without the good Dhamma, where can [one] get happiness?); rite saddhammaṃ, rite saddhammena vā.
3. Te bhikkhū nānā kulā pabbajitā (those bhikkhus went forth from various families).
4. Vinā saddhammā natth’ añño koci nātho loke vijjati (without the good Dhamma, there is no other refuge existing in the world); vinā saddhammaṃ, vinā saddhammena vā; vinā buddhasmā, vinā buddhaṃ, vinā buddhena vā.

By taking “ca”, there is also the fifth inflection in other meanings.

1. Yato ’haṃ bhagini ariyāya jātiyā jāto (sister, from the time I was born with the Noble birth).
2. Yato sarāmi attānaṃ (from the time I remember myself).
3. Yato patto ’smi viññutaṃ (from the time I came to the use of reason).
4. Yatv ādhikaraṇam enaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāsaveyyuṃ (for that reason, evil and unwholesome dhammas, covetousness and grief, torment [the bhikkhu] who dwells unrestrained in the eye-faculty).