Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§244

Akāra-pitādyantānam ā

‘Ā’ of the letter ‘a’ and of the end of “pitu”, etc.

Text and translation

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244. 72. Akāra-pitādyantānam ā (475)

[Akāra-pitu-ādi-antānaṃ + ā = 2 words]

Akāro ca pitādīnam anto ca āttam āpajjate ge pare.

Bho purisā, bho rājā, bho pitā, bho mātā, bho satthā.

‘Ā’ of the letter ‘a’ and of the end of “pitu”, etc.
When ‘ga’ follows, the letter ‘a’ and the end [vowel] of “pitu”, etc., become ‘ā’.
Examples
  1. Purisā = purisa + si (‘si’ is named ‘ga’ (§57); ‘a’ becomes ‘ā’ (§244); ‘si’ is elided (§220)).
  2. Rājā = rāja + si (‘si’ is named ‘ga’ (§57); ‘a’ becomes ‘ā’ (§244); ‘si’ is elided (§220)).
  3. Pitā = pitu + si (‘si’ is named ‘ga’ (§57); ‘u’ of “pitu” becomes ‘ā’ (§244); ‘si’ is elided (§220)).
  4. Mātā = mātu + si (‘si’ is named ‘ga’ (§57); ‘u’ of “mātu” becomes ‘ā’ (§244); ‘si’ is elided (§220)).
  5. Satthā = satthu + si (‘si’ is named ‘ga’ (§57); ‘u’ of “satthu” becomes ‘ā’ (§244); ‘si’ is elided (§220)).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.