Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 1 of 8

§22

Evādissa ri pubbo ca rasso

Of the beginning of “eva”, ‘ri’, and the previous, short.

Text and translation

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22. 28. Evādissa ri pubbo ca rasso (52)

[Eva-ādissa + ri + pubbo + ca + rasso = 5 words]

Saramhā parassa evassa ekārassa ādissa rikāro hoti, pubbo ca saro rasso hoti navā.

Yatha-r-iva (D. i, 85) vasudhātalañ ca sabbaṃ, tatha-r-iva guṇavā supūjaniyo.

Navā ti kasmā? Yathā eva, tathā eva.

Of the beginning of “eva”, ‘ri’, and the previous, short.
After a vowel, there is substitution of the letter ‘e’, which is the beginning of “eva”, by the syllable ‘ri’, and the previous vowel occasionally becomes short.
Examples: “Yatha-r-iva vasudhātalañ ca sabbaṃ”, “tatha-r-iva guṇavā supūjaniyo”.
Examples [with formation sequence]
Yatha-r-iva
Sequence
  1. yathā eva
  2. yath ā eva (§10)
  3. yath ā riva, yath a riva (§22)
  4. yathariva (§11)
  5. yatha-r-iva (ME)
Tatha-r-iva
Sequence
  1. tathā eva
  2. tath ā eva (§10)
  3. tath ā riva, tath a riva (§22)
  4. tathariva (§11)
  5. tatha-r-iva (ME)

Why say “occasionally”? [To prevent the operation of this rule in the following examples] “Yathā eva”, “tathā eva”.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.