Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§210

Tayā-tayīnaṃ takāro tvattaṃ vā

Optionally, the letter ‘ta’ of “tayā” and “tayi” [becomes] ‘tva’.

Text and translation

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210. 239. Tayā-tayīnaṃ takāro tvattaṃ vā (435)

[Tayā-tayīnaṃ + takāro + tvattaṃ + vā = 4 words]

Tayā tayi icc etesaṃ takāro tvattam āpajjate vā.

Tvayā, tayā; tvayi, tayi.

Etesam iti kimatthaṃ? Tuvaṃ, tavaṃ.

Optionally, the letter ‘ta’ of “tayā” and “tayi” [becomes] ‘tva’.
Optionally, the letter ‘ta’ of [the substitutions] “tayā” and “tayi” becomes ‘tva’.
Examples
  1. Tvayā = tumha + nā (“tumha” together with the inflection is substituted by “tayā” (§145); ‘ta’ becomes ‘tva’ (§210)).
  2. Tayā = tumha + nā (“tumha” together with the inflection is substituted by “tayā” (§145)).
  3. Tvayi = tumha + smiṃ (“tumha” together with the inflection is substituted by “tayi” (§139); ‘ta’ becomes ‘tva’ (§210)).
  4. Tayi = tumha + smiṃ (“tumha” together with the inflection is substituted by “tayi” (§139)).

What is the purpose of saying “of these [substitutions]”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no “tayā” or “tayi”, such as in:] tuvaṃ, tavaṃ.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.