Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§174

Eta-tesaṃ to

‘T’ of “eta” and “ta”.

Text and translation

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174. 211. Eta-tesaṃ to (360)

[Eta-tesaṃ + to = 2 words]

Eta ta icc etesaṃ anapuṃsakānaṃ takāro sakāram āpajjate simhi vibhattimhi.

Eso puriso, esā itthī; so puriso, sā itthī.

Eta-tesam iti kimatthaṃ? Itaro puriso, itarā itthī.

Anapuṃsakānam iti kimatthaṃ? Etaṃ cittaṃ, etaṃ rūpaṃ; taṃ cittaṃ, taṃ rūpaṃ.

‘T’ of “eta” and “ta”.
When the inflection ‘si’ follows, ‘t’ of “eta” and “ta”, which are not neuter, becomes ‘s’.
Example
  1. Eso = eta + si (‘t’ of “eta” becomes ‘s’ (§174); ‘si’ becomes ‘o’ (§104); ‘a’ of “esa” is elided (§83)).
  2. So = ta + si (‘t’ of “ta” becomes ‘s’ (§174); ‘si’ becomes ‘o’ (§104); ‘a’ of “sa” is elided (§83)).
Examples in context
  1. Eso puriso (That man.)
  2. Esā itthī (That woman.)
  3. So puriso (That man.)
  4. Sā itthī (That woman.)

What is the purpose of saying “of ‘eta’ and ‘ta’”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no “eta” or “ta”, such as in:] Itaro puriso, itarā itthī. (Another man, another woman.)

What is the purpose of saying “which are not neuter”? [This sutta does not apply when they are neuter, such as in:] Etaṃ cittaṃ, etaṃ rūpaṃ; taṃ cittaṃ, taṃ rūpaṃ. (That mind, that form; this mind, this form.)

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.