Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§173

Amussa mo saṃ

‘M’ of “amu” [becomes] ‘s’.

Text and translation

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173. 223. Amussa mo saṃ (359)

[Amussa + mo + saṃ = 3 words]

Amusaddassa anapuṃsakassa makāro sakāram āpajjate vā simhi vibhattimhi.

Asu (M. ii, 175) rājā; asu itthī; amuko rājā; amukā itthī.

Anapuṃsakasse ti kimatthaṃ? Aduṃ (Khu. v, 34) pupphaṃ virocati.

Amusse ti kimatthaṃ? Ayaṃ puriso tiṭṭhati.

Simhī ti kimatthaṃ? Amhaṃ (M. i, 211) purisaṃ passasi.

‘M’ of “amu” [becomes] ‘s’.
Optionally, when the inflection ‘si’ follows, ‘m’ of the base “amu”, which is not neuter, becomes ‘s’.
Example
  1. Asu = amu + si (‘m’ of “amu” becomes ‘s’ (§173); ‘si’ is elided (§220)).
Examples in context
  1. Asu rājā (Such a king.)
  2. Asu itthī (Such a woman.)
  3. Amuko rājā (Such a king.)
  4. Amukā itthī (Such a woman.)

What is the purpose of saying “of the non-neuter [base]”? [This sutta does not apply when the [base] is neuter, such as in:] Aduṃ pupphaṃ virocati (such a flower shines.)

What is the purpose of saying “of ‘amu’”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no “amu”, such as in:] Ayaṃ puriso tiṭṭhati (This man remains.)

What is the purpose of saying “when ‘si’ follows”? [This sutta does not apply when ‘si’ does not follow, such as in:] Amhaṃ purisaṃ passasi (You see our man.)

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.