Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§169

Rājassa rāju su-naṃ-hisu ca

And when ‘su’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘hi’ follow, [there is] “rāju” of “rāja”.

Text and translation

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169. 117. Rājassa rāju su-naṃ-hisu ca (354)

[Rājassa + rāju + su-naṃ-hisu + ca = 4 words]

Sabbass’ eva rājasaddassa rāju-ādeso hoti su naṃ hi icc etesu.

Rājūsu, rājūnaṃ, rājūhi, rājūbhi.

Su-naṃ-hi-sv iti kimatthaṃ? Rājā.

Caggahaṇam avadhāraṇatthaṃ. Rājesu, rājānaṃ, rājehi, rājebhi.

And when ‘su’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘hi’ follow, [there is] “rāju” of “rāja”.
When the inflections ‘su’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘hi’ follow, the whole base “rāja” is substituted by “rāju”.
Example
  1. Rājūsu = rāja + su (“rāja” is substituted by “rāju” (§169); ‘u’ is lengthened (§89)).

What is the purpose of saying “when ‘su’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘hi’ follow”? [This sutta does not apply when ‘su’, ‘naṃ’ and ‘hi’ do not follow, such as in:] Rājā.

The taking of “ca” is for restricting [the scope of this sutta]. Rājesu, rājānaṃ, rājehi, rājebhi.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.