Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§168

Sabbato naṃ saṃ-sānaṃ

After all [the pronouns], ‘naṃ’ [is substituted by] ‘saṃ’ and ‘sānaṃ’.

Text and translation

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168. 203. Sabbato naṃ saṃ-sānaṃ (353, 368)

[Sabbato + naṃ + saṃ-sānaṃ = 3 words]

Sabbato sabbanāmato naṃvacanassa saṃ sānaṃ icc ete ādesā honti.

Sabbesaṃ, sabbesānaṃ, sabbāsaṃ, sabbāsānaṃ. Yesaṃ, yesānaṃ, yāsaṃ, yāsānaṃ. Tesaṃ, tesānaṃ, tāsaṃ, tāsānaṃ. Kesaṃ, kesānaṃ, kāsaṃ, kāsānaṃ. Imesaṃ, imesānaṃ, imāsaṃ, imāsānaṃ. Amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ.

Nam iti kimatthaṃ? Sabbassa, yassa, tassa, kassa. Evaṃ sabbattha.

After all [the pronouns], ‘naṃ’ [is substituted by] ‘saṃ’ and ‘sānaṃ’.
After all the pronouns, the inflection ‘naṃ’ is substituted by ‘saṃ’ and ‘sānaṃ’.
What is the purpose of saying ‘naṃ’? [This sutta does not apply when there is no ‘naṃ’, such as in:] Sabbassa, yassa, tassa, kassa. Thus everywhere.
Examples
  1. Sabbesaṃ = sabba + naṃ (‘naṃ’ becomes ‘saṃ’ (§168); ‘a’ of “sabba” is substituted by ‘e’ (§102)).
  2. Sabbesānaṃ = sabba + naṃ (‘naṃ’ becomes ‘sānaṃ’ (§168); ‘a’ of “sabba” is substituted by ‘e’ (§102)).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.