Pāḷi Grammars
ES

Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§109

Āya catutthekavacanassa tu

‘Āya’ of the fourth singular.

Text and translation

Read in the chapter →

109. 304. Āya catutthekavacanassa tu (279-80)

[Āya + catuttha-ekavacanassa + tu = 3 words]

Tasmā akārato catutthekavacanassa āyādeso hoti vā.

Atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ Buddho loke uppajjati (A. i, 21).

Ato ti kimatthaṃ? Isissa.

Catutthī ti kimatthaṃ? Purisassa mukhaṃ.

Ekavacanasse ti kimatthaṃ? Purisānaṃ dadāti.

Vā ti kimatthaṃ? Dātā hoti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā.

Tuggahaṇen’ atthañ ca hoti. Atthatthaṃ, hitatthaṃ, sukhatthaṃ.

‘Āya’ of the fourth singular.
Optionally, after the letter ‘a’, the fourth singular [inflection] is substituted by ‘āya’.
Example
  1. Atthāya = attha + sa (‘sa’ is substituted by ‘āya’ (§109); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).

What is the purpose of saying “after ‘a’”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no ‘a’, such as in] isissa.

What is the purpose of saying “the fourth [inflection]”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no fourth inflection, such as in] purisassa mukhaṃ.

What is the purpose of saying “of the singular”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no singular, such as in] purisānaṃ dadāti.

What is the purpose of saying “optionally”? [This sutta does not always apply, such as in] “Dātā hoti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā”.

By taking ‘tu’, there is also substitution by ‘atthaṃ’.

Example
  1. Atthatthaṃ = attha + sa (by ‘tu’ of this sutta, ‘sa’ is substituted by ‘atthaṃ’ (§109); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  2. Hitatthaṃ = hita + sa (by ‘tu’ of this sutta, ‘sa’ is substituted by ‘atthaṃ’ (§109); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  3. Sukhatthaṃ = sukha + sa (by ‘tu’ of this sutta, ‘sa’ is substituted by ‘atthaṃ’ (§109); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

Drafts

Ask about §109

Questions are asked from the analysis following Visuddhāyuṃ (draft): the answer uses this sutta's row and the project's sources. It is for enrolled students and requires signing in.

Ask about §109 →

Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.