Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 1 of 8

§9

Parasamaññā payoge

In need, [are used] the terms of others.

Text and translation

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9. 11. Parasamaññā payoge

[Para + samaññā + payoge = 3 words]

Yā ca pana paresu sakkataganthesu samaññā ghosā (voiced) ti vā aghosā (voiceless) ti vā, tā payoge sati etthāpi yujjante.

Tattha ghosā nāma: ga gha ṅa; ja jha ña; ḍa ḍha ṇa; da dha na; ba bha ma; ya ra la va ha ḷa. Iti ghosā nāma. Aghosā nāma: ka kha; ca cha; ṭa ṭha; ta tha; pa pha; sa. Iti aghosā nāma.

Tena kvattho? Vagge ghosāghosānaṃ tatiya-paṭhamā.

In need, [are used] the terms of others.
Those terms [found] in the Sanskrit books such as “voiced” or “voiceless”, when there is need, they are also used here.
Among them, the voiced are: ga gha ṅa; ja jha ña; ḍa ḍha ṇa; da dha na; ba bha ma; ya ra la va ha ḷa. These are called “voiced”. The voiceless are: ka kha; ca cha; ṭa ṭha; ta tha; pa pha; sa. These are called “voiceless”.
What is the benefit of that [calling them “voiced” and “voiceless”]? [It is beneficial in suttas such as] “Vagge ghosāghosānaṃ tatiya-paṭhamā” (§29).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.