Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§71

Ya-vakārā ca

And the letters ‘ya’ and ‘va’.

Text and translation

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71. 505. Ya-vakārā ca (221)

[Ya-vakārā + ca = 2 words]

Jha-lānaṃ yakāra-vākārādesā honti sare pare yathāsaṅkhyaṃ.

Agyāgāraṃ (Vin. iii, 33); cakkh’ āyatanaṃ (Abhi. iii, 5); svāgataṃ (Khu. v, 300); te mahāvīra.

Caggahaṇaṃ sampiṇḍanatthaṃ.

And the letters ‘ya’ and ‘va’.
When a vowel follows, ‘jha’ and ‘la’ are substituted by ‘ya’ and ‘va’ respectively.
Examples
  1. Agyāgāraṃ = aggi + āgāraṃ (‘i’ of “aggi” is named ‘jha’ (§58); ‘i’ is substituted by ‘ya’ (§71); ‘a’ of ‘ya’ is elided (§83); ‘g’ of “aggi” is also elided (§41)).
  2. Svāgataṃ = su + āgataṃ (‘u’ is named ‘la’ (§58); ‘u’ is substituted by ‘va’ (§71); ‘a’ of ‘va’ is elided (§83)).
  3. The formation of the rest of the examples is similar to the previous ones.

“Ca” is used in the meaning of collecting (sampiṇḍana).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.