Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 3 of 8

§278

Yo ’dhāro tam okāsaṃ

That which is the receptacle, that is “okāsa”.

Text and translation

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278. 320. Yo ’dhāro tam okāsaṃ (572-3)

[Yo + ādhāro + taṃ + okāsaṃ = 4 words]

Yo ādhāro, taṃ okāsasaññaṃ hoti. Sv ādhāro catubbidho: byāpiko, opasilesiko, vesayiko sāmīpiko cā ti.

Tattha byāpiko tāva: Jalesu khīraṃ tiṭṭhati, tilesu telaṃ, ucchūsu raso.

Opasilesiko: Pariyaṅke rājā seti; āsane upaviṭṭho saṃgho.

Vesayiko: Bhūmīsu manussā caranti; antalikkhe vāyū vāyanti; ākāse sakuṇā pakkhandanti.

Sāmīpiko: Vane hatthino caranti; gaṅgāyaṃ ghoso tiṭṭhati; vaje gāvo duhanti; Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati Jetavane (A. i, 1; S. i, 1).

Okāsam icc anena kvattho? Okāse sattamī.

That which is the receptacle, that is “okāsa”.
That which is a receptacle has the name “okāsa” (place).
That receptacle is fourfold: (1) pervading (byāpika), (2) close contact (opasilesika), (3) domain (vesayika) and (4) nearness (sāmīpika).

Here, first, (1) pervading (byāpika):

Examples
  1. Jalesu khīraṃ tiṭṭhati (milk exists in the waters), tilesu telaṃ (oil, in the sesame), ucchūsu raso (juice, in the sugar canes).

(2) Close contact (opasilesika):

Examples
  1. Pariyaṅke rājā seti (the king lies on the couch).
  2. Āsane upaviṭṭho saṃgho (the Saṅgha is seated on the seat).

(3) Domain (vesayika):

Examples
  1. Bhūmīsu manussā caranti (humans walk on the earth).
  2. Antalikkhe vāyū vāyanti (the winds blow in the sky).
  3. Ākāse sakuṇā pakkhandanti (the birds fly in the space).

(4) Nearness (sāmīpika):

Examples
  1. Vane hatthino caranti (the elephants roam near the forest).
  2. Gaṅgāyaṃ ghoso tiṭṭhati (the village of cowherds is near the Ganges).
  3. Vaje gāvo duhanti (they milk the cows near the pen).
  4. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati Jetavane ([the Blessed One] dwells near Sāvatthī, in Jeta's Grove).

What is the use of the name “okāsa” (place)? For the use of the name “okāsa” in the sutta “Okāse sattamī” (§302). In the place, the seventh [inflection].

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.