Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§162

Vā yv appaṭhamo

Optionally, ‘yo’ which is not the first.

Text and translation

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162. 237. Vā yv appaṭhamo (345)

[Vā + yo + a-ppaṭhamo = 3 words]

Tehi tumha-amhehi yo appaṭhamo ākaṃ hoti vā.

Tumhākaṃ passāmi, tumhe passāmi vā. Amhākaṃ passasi, amhe passasi vā.

Yo ti kimatthaṃ? Tumhehi, amhehi.

Appaṭhamo ti kimatthaṃ? Gacchatha tumhe, gacchāma mayaṃ.

Vā ti vikappanatthena yonaṃ aṃ ānaṃ honti. Tumhaṃ, tumhānaṃ. Amhaṃ, amhānaṃ.

Optionally, ‘yo’ which is not the first.
Optionally, after [the bases] “tumha” and “amha”, ‘yo’, which is not the first [inflection], becomes ‘ākaṃ’.
Examples
  1. Tumhākaṃ = tumha + yo (‘yo’ is substituted by ‘ākaṃ’ (§162); ‘a’ of “tumha” is elided (§83)).
  2. Amhākaṃ = amha + yo (‘yo’ is substituted by ‘ākaṃ’ (§162); ‘a’ of “amha” is elided (§83)).

What is the purpose of saying “yo”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no ‘yo’, such as in:] Tumhehi, amhehi.

What is the purpose of saying “which is not the first [inflection]”? [This sutta does not apply when it is the first inflection, such as in:] Gacchatha tumhe, gacchāma mayaṃ.

By ‘vā’, as an alternative, ‘yo’ is substituted by ‘aṃ’ or ‘ānaṃ’.

Examples
  1. Tumhaṃ = tumha + yo (‘yo’ is substituted by ‘aṃ’ (§162); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  2. Tumhānaṃ = tumha + yo (‘yo’ is substituted by ‘ānaṃ’ (§162); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.