Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§147

Padato dutiyā-catutthī-chaṭṭhīsu vo-no

After a word, when the second, fourth and sixth [inflections] follow, “vo” and “no”.

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147. 246. Padato dutiyā-catutthī-chaṭṭhīsu vo-no (325)

[Padato + dutiyā-catutthī-chaṭṭhīsu + vo-no = 3 words]

Sabbesaṃ tumha-amhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ yadā padasmā paresaṃ vo-no-ādesā honti navā yathāsaṅkhyaṃ dutiyā catutthī chaṭṭhī icc etesu bahuvacanesu.

Pahāya vo bhikkhave gamissāmi (Khu. iv, 265); mā no ajja vikantiṃsu (Khu. vi, 93) rañño sūdā mahānase. Evaṃ dutiyatthe.

Dhammaṃ vo bhikkhave desessāmi (M. iii, 86); saṃvibhajetha no rajjena (D. ii, 188). Evaṃ catutthyatthe.

Tuṭṭho ’smi vo bhikkhave pakatiyā (Khu. vi, 89); satthā no Bhagavā anuppatto (M. i, 266). Evaṃ chaṭṭhyatthe.

Navā ti kimatthaṃ? Eso amhākaṃ satthā.

Tumha-amhākaṃ iti kimatthaṃ? Ete isayo passasi.

Padato ti kimatthaṃ? Tumhākaṃ satthā.

Etesv iti kimatthaṃ? Gacchatha tumhe.

After a word, when the second, fourth and sixth [inflections] follow, “vo” and “no”.
Occasionally, when the second, fourth and sixth inflections in the plural follow, the whole words “tumha” and “amha”, when they come after a word, together with the inflections, are substituted by “vo” and “no” respectively.
  1. Vo = tumha + yo (“tumha” together with the second plural inflection ‘yo’ is substituted by “vo” (§147)).
  2. No = amha + yo (“amha” together with the second plural inflection ‘yo’ is substituted by “no” (§147)).

“Pahāya vo bhikkhave gamissāmi” (having left you, O bhikkhus, I will go).

“Mā no ajja vikantiṃsu rañño sūdā mahānase” (may the king's cooks not cut us up today in the royal kitchen).

  1. Vo = tumha + naṃ (“tumha” together with the fourth plural inflection ‘naṃ’ is substituted by “vo” (§147)).
  2. No = amha + naṃ (“amha” together with the fourth plural inflection ‘naṃ’ is substituted by “no” (§147)).

“Dhammaṃ vo bhikkhave desessāmi” (O bhikkhus, I will teach you the Dhamma).

“Saṃvibhajetha no rajjena” (share the kingdom with us).

  1. Vo = tumha + naṃ (“tumha” together with the sixth plural inflection ‘naṃ’ is substituted by “vo” (§147)).
  2. No = amha + naṃ (“amha” together with the sixth plural inflection ‘naṃ’ is substituted by “no” (§147)).

“Tuṭṭho ’smi vo bhikkhave pakatiyā” (O bhikkhus, I am satisfied with your nature).

“Satthā no Bhagavā anuppatto” (the Blessed One, our Teacher, has arrived).

What is the purpose of saying “occasionally”? [This sutta does not always apply, such as in] eso amhākaṃ satthā.

What is the purpose of saying “of ‘tumha’ and ‘amha’”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no “tumha” or “amha”, such as in] ete isayo passasi.

What is the purpose of saying “after a word”? [This sutta does not apply when they do not come after a word, such as in] tumhākaṃ satthā.

What is the purpose of saying “when the second, fourth and sixth [inflections] follow”? [This sutta does not apply when these inflections do not follow, such as in] gacchatha tumhe.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.