Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§140

Tvam-ahaṃ simhi ca

And when ‘si’ follows, “tvaṃ” and “ahaṃ”.

Text and translation

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140. 232. Tvam-ahaṃ simhi ca (319-20)

[Tvaṃ-ahaṃ + simhi + ca = 3 words]

Sabbesaṃ tumha-amhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tvaṃ-ahaṃ icc ete ādesā honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ simhi vibhattimhi.

Tvaṃ, ahaṃ.

Simhi ti kimatthaṃ? Tayi, mayi.

Caggahaṇena tuvaṃ ca hoti. Tuvaṃ satthā (M. ii, 354).

And when ‘si’ follows, “tvaṃ” and “ahaṃ”.
When the inflection ‘si’ follows, the whole word “tumha” together with the inflection is substituted by “tvaṃ”, and the whole word “amha” together with the inflection is substituted by “ahaṃ”.
Examples
  1. Tvaṃ = tumha + si (“tumha” together with the inflection ‘si’ is substituted by “tvaṃ” (§140)).
  2. Ahaṃ = amha + si (“amha” together with the inflection ‘si’ is substituted by “ahaṃ” (§140)).

What is the purpose of saying “when the inflection ‘si’ follows”? [This sutta does not apply when ‘si’ does not follow, such as in] tayi, mayi.

By taking “ca”, there is also the substitution by “tuvaṃ”.

Example
  1. Tuvaṃ = tumha + si (“tumha” together with the inflection ‘si’ is substituted by “tuvaṃ” (§140)).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.