Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§126

Avaṇṇā ca ge

And when ‘ga’ follows, [there is ‘aṃ’], ‘a’ and ‘ā’.

Text and translation

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126. 101. Avaṇṇā ca ge (301-2)

[Avaṇṇā + ca + ge = 3 words]

Sabbass’ eva ntupaccayassa savibhattissa aṃ-avaṇṇā ca honti ge pare.

Bho guṇavaṃ, bho guṇava, bho guṇavā.

Caggahaṇam anukaḍḍhanatthaṃ.

And when ‘ga’ follows, [there is ‘aṃ’], ‘a’ and ‘ā’.
When ‘ga’ follows, the whole suffix ‘ntu’ together with the inflection is substituted by ‘aṃ’, ‘a’ and ‘ā’.
Example
  1. Guṇavaṃ = guṇavantu + si (‘si’ is named ‘ga’ (§57); ‘ntu’ together with the inflection ‘si’ is substituted by ‘aṃ’ (§126); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  2. Guṇava = guṇavantu + si (‘si’ is named ‘ga’ (§57); ‘ntu’ together with the inflection ‘si’ is substituted by ‘a’ (§126); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  3. Guṇavā = guṇavantu + si (‘si’ is named ‘ga’ (§57); ‘ntu’ together with the inflection ‘si’ is substituted by ‘ā’ (§126); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).

“Ca” is for dragging.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

Drafts

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.