Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§103

Ato n’ ena

After ‘a’, ‘ena’ [of] ‘nā’.

Text and translation

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103. 79. Ato n’ ena (271)

[Ato + nā + ena = 3 words]

Tasmā akārato nāvacanassa enādeso hoti.

Sabbena, yena, tena, kena, anena, purisena, rūpena.

Ato ti kimatthaṃ? Muninā, amunā, bhikkhunā.

Nā ti kimatthaṃ? Tasmā.

After ‘a’, ‘ena’ [of] ‘nā’.
After the letter ‘a’, the inflection ‘nā’ is substituted by ‘ena’.
Examples
  1. Sabbena = sabba + nā (‘nā’ is substituted by ‘ena’ (§103); ‘a’ is elided (§83)).
  2. The formation of the rest of the examples is similar to the previous one.

What is the purpose of saying “after ‘a’”? [This sutta does not apply when there is no ‘a’, such as in] muninā, amunā, bhikkhunā.

What is the purpose of saying ‘nā’? [This sutta does not apply when there is no ‘nā’, such as in] tasmā.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.