Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 6 of 8
Dhātūhi ṇe-ṇaya-ṇāpe-ṇāpayā kāritāni hetvatthe
After roots, in the meaning of cause, [there are] ‘ṇe’, ‘ṇaya’, ‘ṇāpe’ and ‘ṇāpaya’, [which are called] “kārita” (causative).
- Kaccāyana 438
- Rūpasiddhi 540
- Saddanīti 914
- Ākhyāta-Kappa · Dutiya-Kaṇḍa
Text and translation
Read in the chapter →438. 540. Dhātūhi ṇe-ṇaya-ṇāpe-ṇāpayā kāritāni hetvatthe (914)
Sabbehi dhātūhi ṇe ṇaya ṇāpe ṇāpaya icc ete paccayā honti kāritasaññā ca hetvatthe.
Yo koci karoti, taṃ añño “karohi karohi” icc evaṃ bravīti, atha vā karontaṃ payojayati = kāreti (M. ii, 332), kārayati, kārāpeti (Vin. i, 240), kārāpayati. Ye keci karonti, te aññe “karotha karotha” icc evaṃ bruvanti = kārenti (M. i, 121), kārayanti, kārāpenti (Vin. i, 121), kārāpayanti. Yo koci pacati, taṃ añño “pacāhi pacāhi” icc evaṃ bravīti, atha vā pacantaṃ payojayati = pāceti, pācayati, pācāpeti, pācāpayati. Ye keci pacanti, te aññe “pacatha pacatha” icc evaṃ bruvanti = pācenti, pācayanti, pācāpenti, pācāpayanti. Evaṃ bhaṇeti, bhaṇayati, bhaṇāpeti, bhaṇāpayati. Bhaṇenti, bhaṇayanti, bhaṇāpenti, bhaṇāpayanti. Tatha-r-iva aññe pi yojetabbā.
Hetvatthe ti kimatthaṃ? Karoti (M. i, 10), pacati.
Atthaggahaṇena alapaccayo hoti. Jotalati.
- Yo koci karoti, taṃ añño “karohi karohi” icc evaṃ bravīti, atha vā karontaṃ payojayati = kāreti, kārayati, kārāpeti, kārāpayati (someone does, another says thus to him, “do, do”, or engages him in doing: [he] causes him to do).
- Ye keci karonti, te aññe “karotha karotha” icc evaṃ bruvanti = kārenti, kārayanti, kārāpenti, kārāpayanti (some people do, others say thus to them, “do, do”: [they] cause them to do).
- Yo koci pacati, taṃ añño “pacāhi pacāhi” icc evaṃ bravīti, atha vā pacantaṃ payojayati = pāceti, pācayati, pācāpeti, pācāpayati (someone cooks, another says thus to him, “cook, cook”, or engages him in cooking: [he] causes him to cook).
- Ye keci pacanti, te aññe “pacatha pacatha” icc evaṃ bruvanti = pācenti, pācayanti, pācāpenti, pācāpayanti (some people cook, others say thus to them, “cook, cook”: [they] cause them to cook).
Likewise:
- Bhaṇeti, bhaṇayati, bhaṇāpeti, bhaṇāpayati ([he] causes to recite); bhaṇenti, bhaṇayanti, bhaṇāpenti, bhaṇāpayanti ([they] cause to recite).
In this way also others should be formed.
What is the purpose of saying “hetvatthe” (in the meaning of cause)? To prevent the operation of this rule when there is not the meaning of cause such as in the following examples: karoti ([he] does), pacati ([he] cooks).
By taking “attha”, there is also the suffix ‘ala’: jotalati ([he] causes to shine).
Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.
Where it is cited
- Kāraka-Kappa §282 Yo kāreti sa hetu
- The verb — ākhyāta §438
Drafts
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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.