Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 6 of 8

§439

Dhāturūpe nāmasmā ṇayo ca

Also [there is] ‘ṇaya’ after a noun, when it has the appearance of a root.

Text and translation

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439. 539. Dhāturūpe nāmasmā ṇayo ca (919)

[Dhāturūpe + nāmasmā + ṇayo + ca = 4 words]

Tasmā nāmasmā ṇayapaccayo hoti kāritasañño ca dhāturūpe sati.

Hatthinā atikkamati maggaṃ = atihatthayati. Vīṇāya upagāyati gītaṃ = upavīṇayati. Daḷhaṃ karoti vīriyaṃ = daḷhayati. Visuddhā hoti ratti = visuddhayati.

Caggahaṇena āra āla icc ete paccayā honti. Santaṃ karoti = santārati; upakkamaṃ karoti = upakkamālati.

Also [there is] ‘ṇaya’ after a noun, when it has the appearance of a root.
Also, after that noun, when it has the appearance of a root, there is the suffix ‘ṇaya’, and it is called “kārita” (causative).
Examples
  1. Hatthinā atikkamati maggaṃ = atihatthayati (crosses the road by elephant).
  2. Vīṇāya upagāyati gītaṃ = upavīṇayati (sings a song with the harp).
  3. Daḷhaṃ karoti vīriyaṃ = daḷhayati (makes the effort firm).
  4. Visuddhā hoti ratti = visuddhayati (the night is clear).

By taking “ca”, there are also the suffixes ‘āra’ and ‘āla’:

  1. Santaṃ karoti = santārati (makes calm).
  2. Upakkamaṃ karoti = upakkamālati (undertakes).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.