Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 5 of 8

§402

Āttañ ca

And [there is] ‘ā’.

Text and translation

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402. 377. Āttañ ca (857)

[Āttaṃ + ca = 2 words]

I u icc etesaṃ āttañ ca hoti, rikārāgamo ca ṭhāne.

Isissa bhāvo ārisyaṃ, iṇassa bhāvo āṇyaṃ, usabhassa bhāvo āsabhaṃ (S. i, 265), ujuno bhāvo ajjavaṃ (A. i, 93), icc evamādī yojetabbā.

Yūnam iti kimatthaṃ? Apāyesu jāto āpāyiko (Khu. i, 203).

Ṭhāne ti kimatthaṃ? Vematiko (Vin. iv, 142), opanayiko, opamāyiko, opāyiko (Vin. iii, 57).

And [there is] ‘ā’.
And there is ‘ā’ of ‘i’ and ‘u’, and in the [appropriate] place there is the insertion of the [syllable] ‘ri’.
Examples
  1. Isissa bhāvo ārisyaṃ (the state of the sage: sageness).
  2. Iṇassa bhāvo āṇyaṃ (the state of debt: indebtedness).
  3. Usabhassa bhāvo āsabhaṃ (the state of the bull: bullness).
  4. Ujuno bhāvo ajjavaṃ (the state of the straight: rectitude).

And so the remaining [cases] are to be formed.

What is the purpose of saying “yūnaṃ” (of ‘i’ and ‘u’)? [To prevent the operation of this rule in cases like]: apāyesu jāto āpāyiko (born in hell), where there are no initial ‘i’ or ‘u’.

What is the purpose of saying “ṭhāne” (in the appropriate place)? [To prevent the operation of this rule in cases like]: vimatiyā niyutto: vematiko (occupied with doubt: one who has doubt), upanaye niyutto: opanayiko (occupied in bringing near), upamāya niyutto: opamāyiko (occupied with a simile), upāye niyutto: opāyiko (occupied with an expedient), [where it is not the appropriate place].

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.