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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 5 of 8

§350

Yena vā saṃsaṭṭhaṃ tarati carati vahati ṇiko

[There is] ‘ṇika’ [in these meanings]: mixed with that, he crosses by that, he goes by that, he carries by that.

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350. 373. Yena vā saṃsaṭṭhaṃ tarati carati vahati ṇiko (764)

[Yena + vā + saṃsaṭṭhaṃ + tarati + carati + vahati + ṇiko = 7 words]

Yena vā saṃsaṭṭhaṃ, yena vā tarati, yena vā carati, yena vā vahati icc etesv atthesu ṇikapaccayo hoti vā.

Tilena saṃsaṭṭhaṃ bhojanaṃ telikaṃ, tilena saṃsaṭṭhaṃ vā. Evaṃ goḷikaṃ, ghātikaṃ.

Nāvāya taratī ti nāviko (Khu. vi, 79), nāvāya tarati vā. Evaṃ oḷumpiko.

Sakaṭena caratī ti sākaṭiko (S. i, 56), sakaṭena carati vā. Evaṃ pattiko (D. i, 47), daṇḍiko, dhammiko (D. i, 80; M. ii, 262; Khu. ii, 273), pādiko.

Sīsena vahatī ti sīsiko, sīsena vahati vā. Aṃsena vahatī ti aṃsiko, aṃsena vahati vā. Evaṃ khandhiko, aṅguliko.

Vā ti vikappanatthena aññesu pi ṇikapaccayo hoti. Rājagahe vasatī ti rājagahiko, rājagahe vasati vā. Rājagahe jāto rājagahiko, rājagahe jāto vā. Evaṃ māgadhiko (M. i, 287), sāvatthiko, kapilavatthiko, pāṭaliputtiko, vesāliko (Vin. i, 27; A. iii, 47).

[There is] ‘ṇika’ [in these meanings]: mixed with that, he crosses by that, he goes by that, he carries by that.
Optionally, there is the suffix ‘ṇika’ in these meanings: “mixed with that (yena saṃsaṭṭhaṃ)”, “he crosses by that (yena tarati)”, “he goes by that (yena carati)”, “he carries by that (yena vahati)”.
Examples
  1. Tilena saṃsaṭṭhaṃ bhojanaṃ: telikaṃ (food mixed with sesamum seeds).
  2. Guḷena saṃsaṭṭhaṃ bhojanaṃ: goḷikaṃ (food mixed with molasses).
  3. Ghatena saṃsaṭṭhaṃ bhojanaṃ: ghātikaṃ (food mixed with ghee).
  4. Nāvāya taratī ti nāviko (he crosses by boat: a sailor).
  5. Uḷumpena taratī ti oḷumpiko (he crosses by raft: a rafter).
  6. Sakaṭena caratī ti sākaṭiko (he goes by cart: a carter).
  7. Pattena caratī ti pattiko (he goes by foot: a pedestrian).
  8. Daṇḍena caratī ti daṇḍiko (he goes by stick: one who goes with a stick).
  9. Dhammena caratī ti dhammiko (he lives by the Dhamma: righteous).
  10. Padena caratī ti pādiko (he goes by foot: a pedestrian).
  11. Sīsena vahatī ti sīsiko (he carries with the head: a porter).
  12. Aṃsena vahatī ti aṃsiko (he carries with the shoulder: a shoulder-carrier).
  13. Khandhena vahatī ti khandhiko (he carries with the shoulder: a shoulder-carrier).
  14. Aṅgulīhi vahatī ti aṅguliko (he carries with the fingers).

“Vā” has the meaning of “alternative” (vikappana); in other [meanings] also there is the suffix ‘ṇika’.

Examples
  1. Rājagahe vasatī ti rājagahiko (he lives in Rājagaha: a resident of Rājagaha).
  2. Rājagahe jāto rājagahiko (born in Rājagaha).

Likewise:

  1. māgadhiko (a resident of Magadha).
  2. sāvatthiko (a resident of Sāvatthī).
  3. kapilavatthiko (a resident of Kapilavatthu).
  4. pāṭaliputtiko (a resident of Pāṭaliputta).
  5. vesāliko (a resident of Vesālī).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.