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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 4 of 8

§323

Vibhāsā rukkha-tiṇa-pasu-dhana-dhañña-janapadādīnañ ca

And facultatively of “rukkha” (tree), “tiṇa” (grass), “pasu” (beast), “dhana” (wealth), “dhañña” (grain), “janapada” (district), etc.

Text and translation

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323. 360. Vibhāsā rukkha-tiṇa-pasu-dhana-dhañña-janapadādīnañ ca (701)

[Vibhāsā + rukkha-tiṇa-pasu-dhana-dhañña-janapada-ādīnaṃ + ca = 3 words]

Rukkha tiṇa pasu dhana dhañña janapada icc evamādīnaṃ vibhāsā ekattaṃ hoti, napuṃsakaliṅgattañ ca dvande samāse.

Assattho ca kapītano ca assatthakapītanaṃ, assatthakapītanā vā. Usīrañ ca bīraṇañ ca usīrabīraṇaṃ, usīrabīraṇā vā. Ajo ca eḷako ca ajeḷakaṃ, ajeḷakā (D. i, 5; M. i, 217; A. i, 351) vā. Hiraññañ ca suvaṇṇañ ca hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ (D. i, 108; M. ii, 258), hiraññasuvaṇṇā vā. Sāli ca yavo ca sāliyavaṃ, sāliyavā vā. Kāsī ca Kosalā ca Kāsikosalaṃ, Kāsikosalā vā.

Ādiggahaṇaṃ kimatthaṃ? Sāvajjañ ca anavajjañ ca sāvajjānavajjaṃ (A. i, 126), sāvajjānavajjā vā. Hīnañ ca paṇītañ ca hīnapaṇītaṃ (A. i, 126), hīnapaṇītā vā. Kaṇho ca sukko ca kaṇhasukkaṃ (A. i, 553), kaṇhasukkā vā.

And facultatively of “rukkha” (tree), “tiṇa” (grass), “pasu” (beast), “dhana” (wealth), “dhañña” (grain), “janapada” (district), etc.
In a copulative compound, [the words] “rukkha” (tree), “tiṇa” (grass), “pasu” (beast), “dhana” (wealth), “dhañña” (grain), “janapada” (district), etc., facultatively are singular and neuter.
Examples
  1. Assattho ca kapītano ca assatthakapītanaṃ, assatthakapītanā vā (banyan tree and wood-apple).
  2. Usīrañ ca bīraṇañ ca usīrabīraṇaṃ, usīrabīraṇā vā (fragrant root and grass).
  3. Ajo ca eḷako ca ajeḷakaṃ, ajeḷakā vā (goat and wild goat).
  4. Hiraññañ ca suvaṇṇañ ca hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ, hiraññasuvaṇṇā vā (silver and gold).
  5. Sāli ca yavo ca sāliyavaṃ, sāliyavā vā (rice and barley).
  6. Kāsī ca Kosalā ca Kāsikosalaṃ, Kāsikosalā vā (Kāsī and Kosalā).

What is the purpose of taking “ādi”? To allow the application of this rule in other cases: Sāvajjañ ca anavajjañ ca sāvajjānavajjaṃ, sāvajjānavajjā vā (faulty and faultless); hīnañ ca paṇītañ ca hīnapaṇītaṃ, hīnapaṇītā vā (low and excellent); kaṇho ca sukko ca kaṇhasukkaṃ, kaṇhasukkā vā (black and white).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.